54results about "Thermal naphtha reforming" patented technology

The invention is related to a catalyst and a process for selectively producing light (i.e., C2-C4) olefins from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions. The catalysts do not require steam activation.

A method for activating chemical reactions using a non-thermal capillary discharge plasma (NT-CDP) unit or a non-thermal slot discharge plasma (NT-SDP) unit (collectively referred to as "NT-CDP/SDP"). The NT-CDP/SDP unit includes a first electrode disposed between two dielectric layers, wherein the first electrode and dielectric layers having at least one opening (e.g., capillary or a slot) defined therethrough. A dielectric sleeve inserted into the opening, and at least one second electrode (e.g., in the shape of a pin, ring, metal wire, or tapered metal blade) is disposed in fluid communication with an associated opening. A non-thermal plasma discharge is emitted from the opening when a voltage differential is applied between the first and second electrodes. Chemical feedstock to be treated is then exposed to the non-thermal plasma. This processing is suited for the following exemplary chemical reactions as (i) partial oxidation of hydrocarbon feedstock to produce functionalized organic compounds; (ii) chemical stabilization of a polymer fiber (e.g., PAN fiber precursor in carbon fiber production; (iii) pre-reforming of higher chain length petroleum hydrocarbons to generate a feedstock suitable for reforming; (iv) natural gas reforming in a chemically reducing atmosphere (e.g., ammonia or urea) to produce carbon monoxide and Hydrogen gas; or (v) plasma enhanced water gas shifting.

The invention is related to a two step process wherein the first step comprises cracking an olefinic naphtha resulting in a cracked product having a diminished total concentration of olefinic species. The second step comprises hydroprocessing at least a portion of the cracked product, especially a naphtha fraction, to provide a hydroprocessed cracked product having a reduced concentration of contaminant species but without a substantial octane reduction.

An exemplary process can include passing a hydrocarbon stream through a reforming unit. The reforming unit may include a heater, which in turn generally includes a convection section and a radiant section, and a plurality of reforming reaction zones. Generally, the hydrocarbon stream is heated in the convection section for reacting in one of the reforming reaction zones to which the hydrocarbon stream is sent and the hydrocarbon stream is heated in the radiant section of the heater for reacting in the other reforming reaction zone to which the hydrocarbon stream is sent.

One exemplary embodiment can be an apparatus for isomerizing a hydrocarbon stream rich in a C4 hydrocarbon and/or at least one of a C5 and C6 hydrocarbon. The apparatus can include: a first drier and a second drier adapted to receive a fluid including at least one reactant; and a reaction zone communicating with the first drier to receive the fluid including at least one reactant and with the second drier to receive the regenerant. Generally, the first drier operates at a first condition to dry the fluid including at least one reactant and the second drier operates at a second condition during regeneration with a regenerant. The regenerant can pass through a fluid tapering device for regulating the flow of the regenerant to the reaction zone.

One exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be a hydrocarbon conversion process. The process may include passing a hydrocarbon stream through at least one heater including at least one burner, a radiant section, and a convection section. Generally, the stream passes through the radiant section and then through the convection section before exiting the heater. Desirably, the hydrocarbon stream includes, in percent or parts by weight based on the total weight of hydrocarbons in the stream:

• • C₄ or less: less than about 0.5%,
  • sulfur or sulfur containing compounds: less than about 1 ppm, and
  • nitrogen or nitrogen containing compounds: less than about 1 ppm. Preferably, the sulfur or sulfur containing compounds and the nitrogen or nitrogen containing compounds are measured as, respectively, elemental sulfur or nitrogen.

The invention discloses forced-draft burner and method for regularizing side-combustion high-temperature preheated air of a square-box furnace. The burner is provided with two independent grades of gas wheels; a main gas gun 3 is arranged in the center of the burner and the gas blower of the gas gun is communicated with a combustion channel consisting of flam path bricks 1, that is to say, the gas blower of the gas gun is communicated with a primary combustion area; a combustion air channel is communicated with the center of the burner; and an air adjustment butterfly vale 8 is arranged for controlling the quantity of combustion air; all combustion air enters the burner via the combustion air channel and is mixed with the gas blown out of the main gas gun 3 for combustion together in the combustion channel consisting of the flame path bricks 1; a second-level gas distribution ring 4 is arranged and communicated with a second-level gas source; and a plurality of second-level gas guns 10 are arranged on the second-level gas distribution ring 4 and around the outer wall of the flame bricks of the burner. By adopting graded combustion and flue backflow technologies, the invention can reduce the generation of nitric oxides and has the advantages of full combustion, energy saving, environmental protection and high efficiency.

One exemplary embodiment can be an apparatus for isomerizing a hydrocarbon stream rich in a C4 hydrocarbon and/or at least one of a C5 and C6 hydrocarbon. The apparatus can include: a first drier and a second drier adapted to receive a fluid including at least one reactant; and a reaction zone communicating with the first drier to receive the fluid including at least one reactant and with the second drier to receive the regenerant. Generally, the first drier operates at a first condition to dry the fluid including at least one reactant and the second drier operates at a second condition during regeneration with a regenerant. The regenerant is displaced from the drier using a down-flow regenerant displacement assembly.

Disclosed is a process for selectively producing C2-C4 olefins from a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt.% of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions which include temperatures from about 500 to 650 DEG C and a hydrocarbon partial pressure from about 10 to 40 psia.

A process for refining naphtha that results in an improved octane value in a subsequent gasoline blend. Certain embodiments include separating a naphtha feed into light naphtha and heavy naphtha; separating the heavy naphtha into a paraffin stream and non-paraffin stream; introducing the light naphtha to a first isomerization unit, introducing the paraffin stream to a second isomerization unit; introducing the non-paraffin stream to a reforming unit and combining the resulting effluents to form a gasoline blend. The resulting gasoline blend has improved characteristics over gasoline blends that are made without introducing the paraffin stream to a second isomerization unit.

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for producing a reformate by combining a stream having an effective amount of n-butane and a stream having an effective amount of naphtha for reforming. Generally, the naphtha has not less than about 95%, by weight, of one or more compounds having a boiling point of about 38—about 260° C. as determined by ASTM D86-07. The process can include introducing the combined stream to a reforming reaction zone. Typically, the combined stream has an n-butane:naphtha mass ratio of about 0.10:1.00—about 1.00:1.00.

Processes for producing aromatics from a naphtha feedstream are provided. An exemplary process includes passing the feedstream to a fractionation unit, thereby generating a first stream including hydrocarbons having less than 8 carbon atoms and a second stream including hydrocarbons having at least 8 carbon atoms. The first stream is passed to a first reformer operated at a first set of reaction conditions to generate a first product stream. The first set of reaction conditions includes a first temperature and a first pressure. The second stream is passed to a second reformer operated at a second set of reaction conditions to generate a second product stream. The second set of reaction conditions includes a second temperature and a second pressure. The first pressure is lower than the second pressure.

The embodiment of the invention provides a preheating method for fuel gas of a reforming heating furnace. The method comprises the steps that before the fuel gas enters the reforming heating furnace,primary preheating and secondary preheating are carried out; in the primary preheating process, the fuel gas and flue gas guided out are subjected to heat exchange in a first preheater; then the fuelgas is introduced into a secondary fuel gas preheating unit for secondary preheating; and the fuel gas subjected to secondary preheating is introduced into a fuel gas fine treatment unit for fine treatment and then is introduced into a combustor for combustion. The method has the advantages that the high-temperature flue gas entering the convection section is used for preheating the fuel gas, theamount of steam produced by the fuel gas can be decreased, and the energy utilization efficiency can be improved; and meanwhile, the fuel gas is preheated to the temperature meeting the finish treatment, and therefore the problem that sulfuric acid dew point corrosion occurs after the heat efficiency of the heating furnace is improved can be solved, the problem that the content of sulfur dioxide exceeds the standard when the fuel gas coarse desulfurization system fluctuates can be solved, and the emission concentration of nitric oxide can be further decreased. The embodiment of the invention further provides a reforming device based on the preheating method for the fuel gas of the reforming heating furnace.

A process for increasing a yield of an isomerization zone by removing at least a portion of the C₆ cyclic hydrocarbons from a stream having iC₄ hydrocarbons, iC₅ hydrocarbons, and iC₆ hydrocarbons prior to the stream being passed into the same isomerization zone. Suppression of the iC₄ hydrocarbons does not occur, allowing the iC₄ hydrocarbons to be isomerized in the same isomerization zone as the iC₅ hydrocarbons and iC₆ hydrocarbons.

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for facilitating adding a promoter metal to at least one catalyst particle in situ in a catalytic naphtha reforming unit. The process can include introducing a compound comprising the promoter metal to the catalyst naphtha reforming unit and adding an effective amount of the promoter metal from the compound comprising the promoter metal to the catalyst particle under conditions to effect such addition and improve a conversion of a hydrocarbon feed.

A method and apparatus for processing a hydrocarbon stream are described. The method includes heating a feed stream in a convective bank. The heated feed stream is reacted in a first reaction zone to form a first effluent, which is heated in a first radiant cell. The first radiant cell combusts fuel to heat the first effluent and forms a first exhaust gas. The first exhaust gas is contacted with the convective bank to heat the feed stream. The outlet temperature the heated feed stream from the convective bank is controlled by introducing an additional gas stream into the convective bank. There can be additional reaction zones and radiant heaters.