The invention discloses a pull rod automatically rotating and adjusting mechanism for an extruder. The mechanism comprises at least one pull rod, wherein a pull rod adjusting cap is arranged on the pull rod, the pull rod adjusting cap is in threaded connection with the pull rod, and the pull rod adjusting cap is fixedly connected with worm wheels, the worm wheels are connected with a worm, and the worm is connected with a driving device. According to the invention, the driving device is used for rotating the worm to drive the worm wheels, the pull rod is driven by the worm wheels to adjust the cap to rotate, so that the function of adjusting the length of the pull rod is achieved, the structure can be used for optionally switching processes of fixed needle extrusion and follow-up needle extrusion, labor is reduced, and the implementation is automated; meanwhile, the production efficiency is effectively improved, and the installation and maintenance are convenient.