The invention discloses a shock insulation device for a railway bridge. The shock insulation device comprises a base, a shock-absorbing support seat and a shock absorbing structure, wherein the shockabsorbing structure comprises a shock absorbing seat and a shock absorbing frame arranged on the shock absorbing seat, a shock absorbing cavity with an opening in the top surface is formed in the shock absorbing seat, at least two propping cavities are uniformly formed in the inner wall of the shock absorbing cavity, through holes are vertically formed in the shock absorbing seat, a vertical slotis formed in the shock absorbing frame, rotating plates are arranged in the propping cavities, shock-absorbing propping rods and buffering propping rods are fixed on edges of the rotating plates, pullcable rings are fixed on the base, driving wheels are arranged on the shock absorbing seat, pull cables are arranged between the propping cavities and the pull cable rings, and shock-absorbing elastic pieces with W-shaped sections are fixed between the bottom surface of the shock-absorbing seat and the base. The shock insulation device is reasonable in structure arrangement, the overall use stability and reliability can be guaranteed, the shock insulation device has better shock insulation performance, besides, the overall horizontal rigidity is also effectively guaranteed, the adaptability is high and the practicability is good.