73results about How to "Avoid excessive radiation" patented technology

A system and method for imaging gamma- and x-ray, and charged particles sources employing a three dimensional array of scintillation elements arranged surrounding an emission source. According to a preferred embodiment, each element of the array comprises a scintillator element, a solid-state photon detector, and processing electronics to output an electronic signal. The elements may be efficiently packed in both the X-Y plane and stacked in the Z-axis, to provide depth of interaction information. The elements of the array are preferably hierarchically arranged with control electronics provided together for subarray modules (e.g., an n×m×1 module), and synchronization electronics provided at a larger scale. The modules preferably communicate with a control system through a shared addressable packet switched digital communication network with a control and imaging system, and receive control information from that system through the network.

A system and a method of performing a frameless image-guided biopsy uses imaging, a six-dimensional robotic couch system, a laser guidance system, an optical distance indicator, and a needle control apparatus. A planning CT scan is made of the patient with stereotactic fiduciary markers to localize and produce digitally reconstructed radiographs. Two stereoscopic images are generated using an imaging device to visualize and identify a target tumor. The images are fused with the digitally reconstructed radiographs of the planning CT scan to process tumor location. The tumor location data are communicated to the movable robotic couch to position the target tumor of the patient at a known isocenter location. A biopsy needle is guided with a laser alignment mechanism towards the isocenter at the determined depth using a needle positioning apparatus and an Optical Distance Indicator, and a biopsy sample of the target tumor is obtained.

The disclosure describes a device for asymmetrical irradiation of a body cavity or site, such as after removal of tissue, e.g. biopsy or lumpectomy. The device includes an elongated tubular shaft having an inner lumen and a tubular wall with a plurality of lumens extending within the wall which are configured for receiving a radiation source. The distal portion of the tubular shaft is cut into a plurality of longitudinally separated wall segments with a lumen extending within at least one of the wall segments. A support member is positioned within the separated wall segments to support and position the wall segments in a desired configuration for brachytherapy. An expandable member such as an inflatable balloon is mounted on the distal shaft portion about the separated wall segments wall which when inflated secures the distal shaft portion within a desired intracorporeal site for brachytherapy treatment.

The present invention provides a dual band and dual mode flat antenna. The antenna structure comprises a substrate; a ground member configured on the substrate; an interdigital shape radiator having a first portion radiator and a second portion radiator configured on the substrate, wherein the second portion radiator being connected to a first end of said first portion radiator; and a feed line connected to the second end of the first portion radiator of the interdigital shape radiator.

An active antenna element to transmit and/or receive RF (Radio Frequency) signals is positioned in relation to a backplane that reflects RF signals. One or more passive antenna elements can be disposed on a similar side of the backplane as the active antenna element. Settings of the one or more passive antenna elements are adjusted to produce an input/output beam pattern that varies depending on whether the at least one passive antenna element is reflective or transmissive. Based on this technique, an RF input output beam pattern of an antenna assembly including the backplane, active antenna element and passive antenna elements can be controlled for better reception and transmission of RF signals.

The present invention provides improved apparatus for ultraviolet (UV) cure of thin films. A central external reflector (CER) reflects UV light at different angles to compensate for non-uniformity of the deposited film on the substrate. The CER is positioned between the UV light source and the substrate and includes an actuator that can change the angle of reflection before and during UV cure.

An electrically controlled medium for modulating light includes two plastic thin film layers (1) and (2), and a mixture layer (3) is arranged between the two plastic thin film layers (1) and (2). The mixture layer (3) is consisted of smectic liquid crystals (31), polymer materials (33) and dopants (32). Electrode layers (4) are coated on one side of each of the two plastic thin film layers (1) and (2) facing to the mixture layer (3), and the electrode layers (4) are connected to a device of electrical driving system (5). The liquid crystal molecules are allowed to exhibit different molecule alignments by controlling the amplitude, frequency and driving time of the electric power applied to the electrode layers (4), so that the electrically controlled medium for modulating light can be switched between a blurredly scattering state and a fully transparent state, even may be switched among a plurality of gradual translucent states of different gray levels. The medium is power saving, hard to be broken and eco friendly and it can maintain its state after power is off (memory effect). It has fast switching speed and can be broadly used for the fields of architectural decoration, privacy control areas, automotive electronics and glass, etc.

There is provided a thin and small size connector-less optical transmission module M which assures excellent high frequency characteristic. This optical transmission module comprises transmission line substrates and a coaxial cable for connecting these transmission line substrates and is connected to the transmission line substrate via a contact sleeve which is provided with projections fixed to the external conductor of the coaxial cable and projected in the extending direction of the coaxial cable. Since an electromagnetic field mode alleviating portion formed of a dielectric material is provided to the core wire of the coaxial cable, the thin and small size optical transmission module M can assure less amount of radiation of an interference electromagnetic wave, high frequency characteristic through connection with the coaxial cable.

A cryopump has a simple-to-manufacture frontal baffle plate with improved gas distribution and has a large-area second-stage array plate to capture Type II gases. The cryopump has a first-stage frontal baffle plate having orifices and flaps bent from and attached to the orifices. The cryopump has a second-stage top plate that is larger in area than cooling baffles of the second stage array.

In a memory module, reference potential connecting patterns are disposed on high frequency signal lines and/or on the extension lines extending from the terminal ends of the signal lines as well as a shield cover for covering semiconductor memory chips is disposed on the substrate, and the reference potential connecting patterns are connected to the shield cover through metal cover contact parts.

A color scintillator 26 comprises: an optical substrate 30 having bundled optical fibers; an acicular scintillator 50 provided with the optical substrate 30, the acicular scintillator having either of an acicular crystal structure and a columnar crystal structure, the acicular scintillator reacting with at least one of an electromagnetic wave and a radial ray into light emitting; and a coating scintillator 51 coating the acicular scintillator 50, the coating scintillator reacting with at least one of another electromagnetic wave and another radial ray which differ in either of an energy and a type from the electromagnetic wave and the radial ray reacting with the acicular scintillator 50 into light emitting in a different color from an emitting color in the acicular scintillator 50.

An over-current protection circuit, has a main transmission circuit including at least a first triode and a first resistor, a trigger circuit including a second triode and a second resistor, and a detecting circuit having an input terminal and an output terminal. One end of the first resistor is connected to one end of a collecting electrode and an emitting electrode of the first triode. The other end of the first resistor is connected to a current output. The other end of the collecting electrode and the emitting electrode of the first triode is connected to a current input. One end of the second resistor is connected to a collecting electrode of the second triode. The other end of the second resistor is connected to the ground. An emitting electrode of the second triode is connected to the current input. The collecting electrode of the second triode is connected to a base electrode of the first triode. The input terminal of the detecting circuit is connected to the current output whereby extracting a detecting signal therefrom. The output terminal of the detecting circuit is connected to a base electrode of the second triode

A grazing incidence mirror includes a mirror substrate and a mirror surface layer, the mirror surface layer including a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being positioned between the mirror substrate and the second layer. The first layer includes a material selected from the group of Mo, Nb and combinations thereof, and the second layer includes a material selected from the group of B, C, B₄C, SiC and combinations thereof. Such a grazing incidence mirror can be used in lithographic apparatus and in device manufacturing methods and provides a reflectivity that may be larger than state of the art grazing incidence mirrors based on Ru.

An X-ray CT system is provided that determines input imaging conditions based on the attributes of subjects that were measured by the apparatus itself and can prevent excessive radiation exposure due to human error. The X-ray CT system comprises a measurement unit, a part identification unit, a calculation unit, a comparison unit, and a notification unit. The measurement unit measures the attributes of a subject placed on a couch. The part identification unit identifies the part of the subject being imaged based on the measured attributes of the subject. The calculation unit calculates a radiation dose based on the identified unit being imaged. The comparison unit makes a determination by comparing the calculated radiation dose and the radiation dose based on the imaging conditions input for examination. The notification unit notifies the results determined by the comparison unit.

An apparatus and method for controlling stray radiation within a CVD chamber. A heater array disposed beneath a wafer carrier for radiatively heating of the wafer carrier includes a peripheral or outermost heating element or elements. Scattered radiation originating from a designated segment of the peripheral heating element(s) can be reduced locally by one of several mechanisms, including reducing the emission (e.g., operating temperature) of the designated segment, or capturing or deflecting a portion of the radiation originating from the designated segment. In one embodiment, an electrical connector on a resistance heating element provides the reduced emission from the designated segment. It has been found that radiation thermometers fixed proximate an axis that extends from the center of the wafer carrier and across the designated segment is subject to less stray radiation, thus providing a more reliable temperature reading in the optical wavelengths.

An optical element includes a substrate having at least one surface on which a layer of material is disposed, the layer of material being selected to be at least partially transmissive to radiation with a predetermined wavelength λ. The surface of material includes particles having a diameter in a range of 1-500 nm and the layer of material has a layer thickness in the range of 10-2000 nm. Undesired radiations, e.g. UV and DUV radiations, are substantially reduced or eliminated by scattering, e.g. Mie scattering and/or Raleigh scattering, and/or by absorption by the particles while desired radiations are transmitted to the surface of the optical element.