The invention discloses a portable testing device of hydrogen storage material in-suit high-pressure hydrogenation and dehydrogenation synchronous radiation X ray powder diffraction. The portable testing device comprises commercially available gas cylinder high purity hydrogen, a gas draining pipe, filtering sheets, an oil-less vortex pump, manually operated high pressure valves, a sheathed heating wire, a platinum resistor, a metal hydride pressurizing vessel, hydrogen pressurizing alloy, a safety valve, a high pressure sensor, an electrically operated high pressure valve, a capacity expanding gas cylinder, high energy synchronous radiation X ray, a K-thermocouple, a single crystal Al2O3 capillary tube, a heating rod, an amorphous silicon surface detector, and a data acquisition and control system. The portable testing device is capable of solving problems in the prior art that high pressure hydrogenation under a pressure of 20MPa or higher is impossible to realized by similar devices, the quality of obtained diffraction spectrum data is poor, capillary tube recycling is impossible to realize, and the structure is large and is not portable. The portable testing device is capable of promoting acquaintance of people on hydrogen storage material hydrogenation and dehydrogenation mechanisms, and important significance on development of novel high pressure hydrogen storage material is achieved.