The invention discloses an elevator counter weight opposite-arrangement traction mechanism, and aims at overcoming the defects that an elevator traction mechanism is not good in braking reliability and not high in safety, and the risk of skidding exists between a traction wheel and traction ropes exists. The elevator counter weight opposite-arrangement traction mechanism comprises an elevator control system, a traction machine, a worm and gear device and a synchronous device, wherein the traction machine is arranged on an installing platform on the top of an elevator shaft and used for controlling elevator ascending and descending, the traction machine is connected with a traction wheel, two traction ropes are wound around the traction wheel, the traction ropes are wound around the traction wheel, and the wrapping angle exceeding 180 degrees is formed. One ends of the traction ropes are connected with an elevator car, the other ends of the traction ropes are connected with vertically-arranged long-strip-shaped elevator car counter weights, the two elevator car counter weights are arranged in an opposite-angle manner, and the connecting positions of the two traction ropes and the elevator car are arranged in an opposite-angle manner. The traction wheel is coaxially connected with a worm gear, and the worm gear and a worm are meshed to form a traction wheel locking device. The synchronous device comprises a protection motor connected with the worm and a synchronous controller capable of controlling the rotation speed of the traction machine and the protection motor.