The invention discloses a ventilation cooling ring main unit fault diagnosis method, and particularly relates to the technical field of ring main unit monitoring. A modeling disconnection fault method database is built, the temperature and humidity of the environment in a ring main unit, the temperature and humidity of a wire box, the temperature and humidity of a switch room, and the temperature and humidity of a cable trough are detected through a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, current and voltage values of each output/input cable port are detected through a current detector and a voltage detector, when a monitoring signal is transmitted to a computer terminal, signal amplification is carried out on the received tail end in a signal coupling mode, and an infrared thermal image of a heat source of an internal component of the ring main unit in operation is obtained, so the thermal information of each cable port is visualized, the fault is effectively positioned and is convenient to analyze and guide, the fault does not need to be detected in a power-off mode, the purpose of judging the fault information through real-time online monitoring data can be achieved, the fault can be accurately detected, and fault diagnosis of the ring main unit is facilitated.