The invention relates to a three-phase water-cooling permanent magnet synchronous motor which comprises a base, a permanent magnet rotor, an end cover, an outlet box, a bearing inner cover and a bearing, wherein the base comprises a water-cooling casing and a stator winding, and the water-cooling casing comprises a casing outer wall and a casing inner wall. The invention is characterized in that a helical groove is made on the surface of the casing inner wall, and helical convex ribs are formed in the groove and form a helical water groove with the casing outer wall. The permanent magnets of the permanent magnet rotor are arc permanent magnets with sections being crown faces, the arc permanent magnets are fixedly pasted on the surface of a rotor iron core in an equidistant manner according to the polarity along the circumference of the permanent magnet rotor and are mutually separated by insulation partition boards, both ends of each arc permanent magnet are fixed by insulation baffles, and an insulation sheath wraps the permanent magnet rotor outside. The invention has the advantages of uniform heat dissipation of the casing, high mechanical strength of the casing and low leakage coefficient of the permanent magnets, thereby improving the utilization rate of the permanent magnets, increasing the accumulation energy of air gaps, reducing copper loss and facilitating wire connection.