The invention provides an intelligent spine minimally invasive surgical robot, comprising a bracket and a linear motion joint fixed on the bracket, and further comprising swing joints, a rotary joint,a pitch joint, a linear fine-tuning joint and a terminal rotary joint which are sequentially connected with the linear motion joint; between the swing joints, the swing joint and the pitch joint, andthe pitch joint and the rotary joint are all connected fixedly by connecting rod; the straight fine-tuning joint is fixed on the pitch joint; the distal rotating joint is fixed on the straight fine-tuning joint; each of the joints drives a preset path motion thereof through a drive mechanism provided in the respective interior and connected to a control system of the surgical robot. The inventionrealizes multiple degrees of freedom control, linear feeding, swinging, rotating motion, pitching motion and linear fine-tuning motion of the surgical robot, ensures that the robot is adjusted to anyposition within the working range, satisfies any posture when working, and realizes accurate positioning and precise operation requirements of the operation.