The invention discloses a control and acquisition device of a microwave power heatmeter. The control and acquisition device comprises a signal source (1), a direct current source (2), a power divider (3), a heatmeter (4), a temperature controller (5), a thermodetector (8), a digital voltmeter (6) and a small power meter (7), and further comprises a power control module (9), a power/voltage acquisition module (10) and a temperature acquisition module (11). The device is based on an instrument and meter technology, a computer technology, automatics and a testing technology, and adopts a modularstructure, a general purpose interface bus (GPIB) and other communication protocols, so an automatic testing system with practicability is developed. The control and acquisition device has the characteristics of accurate functional partitioning, modularization and integration, and can realize the parameter set, parameter variation trend processing and display, automatic control of the testing process and procedures, real-time acquiring and processing of the measuring and testing data, real-time display, storage and playback, analysis, automatic judging and other functions.