64results about How to "Hysteresis characteristic" patented technology

An electronic circuit includes a primary magnetoresistance element for providing a first output signal proportional to a magnetic field. The primary magnetoresistance element has a primary maximum response axis. The primary magnetoresistance element also has a hysteresis characteristic. The electronic circuit also includes a reset conductor disposed proximate to the magnetoresistance element. The electronic circuit also includes a secondary magnetic field sensing element for providing a second output signal proportional to a magnetic field. The secondary magnetic field sensing element has a secondary maximum response axis, which, in some embodiments, is substantially perpendicular to the primary maximum response axis. In operation, the primary magnetoresistance is reset in accordance with an excessive magnetic field sensed by the secondary magnetic field sensing element.

Presented is a sensor that includes a magnetoresistive (MR) sensing device to sense a magnetic field and to produce an AC signal voltage proportional to the sensed magnetic field. The sensor also includes circuitry, coupled to the MR sensing device, to remove DC offset from the AC signal voltage. The DC offset may be related to the hysteresis characteristics of the MR sensing device. To remove DC offset, the circuitry may obtain an averaged DC offset and subtract the averaged DC offset from the AC signal voltage to produce a sensor output signal.

Positive and negative bias magnetic fields are applied to a sensor unit 12 to determine first and second output voltages. A first difference between the first and second output voltages is calculated. Next, correction bias magnetic fields, each of which is obtained by adding an additional bias magnetic field to a corresponding one of the positive and negative bias magnetic fields, are applied to the sensor unit 12 to determine first and second output voltages. A second difference between the first and second output voltages is calculated. Then, the first difference is compared with the second difference. When the first difference is larger than the second difference, the magnitude of the additional bias magnetic field is increased to minimize the difference, i.e., to made the difference substantially zero.

A pencil-type glow plug for a self-igniting internal combustion engine is described. The pencil-type glow plug includes a plug body in which a combustion chamber pressure sensor is integrated, and a bar-shaped heating element that protrudes out from the plug body at one end, into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. A force-measuring element of the combustion chamber pressure sensor is accommodated behind the heating element, which moves axially under the influence of force. The force-measuring element is sealed against combustion chamber gases by a steel diaphragm made of a stainless precipitation-hardened maraging steel.

A semiconductor device includes: a ferroelectric capacitor that is provided above a base substrate and includes a first electrode, a ferroelectric film provided on the first electrode and a second electrode provided on the ferroelectric film; a stopper film that covers a top surface of the second electrode of the ferroelectric capacitor; a hydrogen barrier film that covers a top surface and a side surface of the stopper film and a side surface of the ferroelectric capacitor; an interlayer dielectric film that covers the hydrogen barrier film and the base substrate; a contact hole that penetrates the interlayer dielectric film, the hydrogen barrier film and the stopper film and exposes the second electrode; a barrier metal that covers the second electrode exposed in the contact hole and an inner wall surface of the contact hole and is composed of a conductive material having hydrogen barrier property; and a plug conductive section that is embedded in the contact hole and conductively connects to the barrier metal, wherein the stopper film is formed from a dielectric material having a smaller etching rate than an etching rate of the interlayer dielectric film.

A power-on reset circuit comprises a power supply voltage detection circuit that detects a rise of a power supply voltage and that changes a logic level of a first internal node; a capacitor charge / discharge circuit that charges and discharges a capacitor according to the first internal node level and that in an event that the power supply voltage is reduced, discharges the capacitor to follow the event; and a reset pulse generation circuit that before the power supply voltage rises higher than the predetermined voltage, outputs a first output voltage to an output node and that after the power supply voltage has risen higher than the predetermined voltage, outputs a second output voltage to the output node upon detecting that a charge level of the capacitor has become higher than a charge level detection voltage.

An electronic circuit includes a primary magnetoresistance element for providing a first output signal proportional to a magnetic field. The primary magnetoresistance element has a primary maximum response axis. The primary magnetoresistance element also has a hysteresis characteristic. The electronic circuit also includes a reset conductor disposed proximate to the magnetoresistance element. The electronic circuit also includes a secondary magnetic field sensing element for providing a second output signal proportional to a magnetic field. The secondary magnetic field sensing element has a secondary maximum response axis, which, in some embodiments, is substantially perpendicular to the primary maximum response axis. In operation, the primary magnetoresistance is reset in accordance with an excessive magnetic field sensed by the secondary magnetic field sensing element.

A semiconductor device includes: a ferroelectric capacitor including a first electrode provided above a substrate, a ferroelectric film provided on the first electrode and a second electrode provided on the ferroelectric film; a hydrogen barrier film that covers a top surface and a side surface of the ferroelectric capacitor; an interlayer dielectric film that covers the ferroelectric capacitor and the substrate; a contact hole that penetrates the interlayer dielectric film and the hydrogen barrier film and exposes the second electrode; a barrier metal that covers a top surface of the second electrode exposed in the contact hole and an inner wall surface of the contact hole and is composed of a conductive material having hydrogen barrier property; and a plug conductive section that is embedded in the contact hole and conductively connects to the barrier metal, wherein the inner wall surface of the contact hole at the hydrogen barrier film includes a concave curved surface facing the interior of the contact hole, and the contact hole at the hydrogen barrier film has an inner diameter that gradually becomes smaller toward the second electrode.

A capacitance diaphragm gauge (CDG) for measuring pressure includes a flush diaphragm mounted to a body structure via a shim or other raised perimeter portion. The diaphragm and the shim are welded to the body structure while the diaphragm is maintained at an elevated temperature. Contraction of the diaphragm as it cools pretensions the diaphragm to substantially reduce hysteresis effects. An electrode advantageously includes two portions with one portion providing excellent bonding characteristics and the other portion having temperature characteristics corresponding to the body structure and the diaphragm. An alternative CDG includes two identical electrodes with a first electrode positioned proximate to the center of the diaphragm and with a second electrode positioned proximate to the perimeter of the diaphragm. The second electrode provides a second capacitance signal that is used to compensate for changes in capacitance between the diaphragm and the first electrode caused by temperature changes.

In a method of forming a ferroelectric capacitor, a lower electrode layer is formed on a substrate. A first crystalline layer is formed on the lower electrode layer. A ferroelectric layer is formed on the first crystalline layer. The first crystalline layer one of prevents a component of the ferroelectric layer from diffusing into the lower electrode layer and mitigates fatigue of the ferroelectric layer. An upper electrode layer is formed on the ferroelectric layer.

A magnetic sensor for detecting magnetism in two-axial directions or three-axial directions is constituted of a substrate, a silicon oxide film that is formed on the substrate so as to form the planar surface and slopes, a plurality of magnetoresistive elements, each of which is formed by laminating a free layer, a conductive layer, and a pin layer on the substrate, a plurality of lead films that are formed to connect the magnetoresistive elements in series, a CVD oxide film for covering the magnetoresistive elements, and a non-magnetic film that is formed between the magnetoresistive elements and the CVD oxide film so as to cover the periphery of the free layer with respect to each magnetoresistive element. Thus, it is possible for the magnetic sensor to include the magnetoresistive elements having superior hysteresis characteristics.

An electronic circuit includes a magnetoresistance element for providing an output signal proportional to a magnetic field. The magnetoresistance element also has a hysteresis characteristic. The electronic circuit also includes at least one of a reset conductor or a bias conductor disposed proximate to the magnetoresistance element. For embodiments having a reset conductor, the electronic circuit is configured to generate a reset current carried by the reset conductor in response to the comparison. In response to the reset current, the reset conductor is configured to generate a reset magnetic field at the magnetoresistance element to temporarily force the magnetoresistance element to a saturation region of the hysteresis characteristic.

An accelerator pedal apparatus includes a pedal arm having an accelerator pedal, a housing rotatably supporting the pedal arm between a rest position and a maximum depression position, a first return spring exerting urging force to return the pedal arm toward the rest position, a reaction force adding mechanism adding reaction force opposed to tread force of the accelerator pedal; and the reaction force adding mechanism includes a movable member arranged movably against the housing while receiving reaction force of the first return spring, a reaction force spring arranged between the movable member and the pedal arm as being capable of generating reaction force against the tread force, and a lock mechanism being capable of locking the movable member not to be movable at desired timing, so that fuel consumption can be improved by exerting resistance force to driver's depressing operation to suppress excessive depression.

An electronic circuit includes a magnetoresistance element for providing an output signal proportional to a magnetic field. The magnetoresistance element also has a hysteresis characteristic. The electronic circuit also includes at least one of a reset conductor or a bias conductor disposed proximate to the magnetoresistance element. For embodiments having a reset conductor, the electronic circuit is configured to generate a reset current carried by the reset conductor in response to the comparison. In response to the reset current, the reset conductor is configured to generate a reset magnetic field at the magnetoresistance element to temporarily force the magnetoresistance element to a saturation region of the hysteresis characteristic.

A power-on reset circuit comprises a power supply voltage detection circuit that detects a rise of a power supply voltage and that changes a logic level of a first internal node; a capacitor charge / discharge circuit that charges and discharges a capacitor according to the first internal node level and that in an event that the power supply voltage is reduced, discharges the capacitor to follow the event; and a reset pulse generation circuit that before the power supply voltage rises higher than the predetermined voltage, outputs a first output voltage to an output node and that after the power supply voltage has risen higher than the predetermined voltage, outputs a second output voltage to the output node upon detecting that a charge level of the capacitor has become higher than a charge level detection voltage.

A pressure sensor includes: a casing; a sensor chip with a gauge resistor; a boss disposed on the gauge resistor; a metallic diaphragm capable of distorting in accordance with a pressure; and a load transmission member disposed between the metallic diaphragm and the boss. The casing accommodates the sensor chip, the boss and the load transmission member. The casing is covered with the metallic diaphragm. The pressure applied to the diaphragm is detected such that the load corresponding to the pressure is applied to the gauge resistor through the metallic diaphragm, the load transmission member and the boss so that the pressure is measured on the basis of a resistance change of the gauge resistor. The gauge resistor is larger than the boss.

A ferroelectric material for forming a ferroelectric that is described by a general formula ABO3, includes an A-site compensation component which compensates for a vacancy of an A site, and a B-site compensation component which compensates for a vacancy of a B site.

An organic light emitting display device includes a display panel including a plurality of active pixels in a display region, and a plurality of test pixels in a non-display region, a panel driver configured to provide the test pixels with data signals corresponding to a plurality of gray levels, and to drive the display panel, a readout circuit configured to measure sensing currents flowing through the test pixels, and a controller configured to obtain hysteresis characteristic values of the test pixels based on the sensing currents, to generate output image data by compensating input image data for the active pixels based on the hysteresis characteristic values of the test pixels to which the active pixels are mapped, and to control the panel driver to display an image based on the output image data.

Magnetostrictive devices, such as an actuator and a sensor, having a reduced hysteresis characteristic are provided. An actuator 10 includes a cylindrical magnetostrictive element 1 expanding or contracting in the axial direction by application of a driving magnetic field; an electromagnetic coil 2 placed on the outer surface side of the magnetostrictive element 1 and for applying the driving magnetic field; and a polar-anisotropic cylindrical magnet 3 placed on the inner surface side of the magnetostrictive element 1 and for applying a magnetic field to the magnetostrictive element 1. The polar-anisotropic cylindrical magnet 3 applies a magnetic field in the peripheral direction of the magnetostrictive element 1. The magnetic field orthogonally crosses the driving magnetic field applied to the magnetostrictive element 1 by the electromagnetic coil 2.

A grip heater control apparatus (7) capable of increasing the opportunities to enable a heater (2) to warm a grip (1) while suppressing a voltage drop of a battery (10), the grip heater control apparatus comprising a heater (2) for generating heat by means of electric power supplied from the battery (10), the heater being provided in a grip (1) of a steering handle of a vehicle having a generator (9) for generating electricity interlocking with the rotation of an engine as a propulsive source and the battery (10) charged by the generator (9), and a heater control unit for controlling the electric energy supplied to the heater (2) from the battery (10), wherein a revolutions detecting unit is provided for detecting the number of revolutions of the engine or the generator (9) and the heater control unit includes a unit for determining an upper limit on the upper limit electric energy supplied to the heater (2) depending on the detected number of revolutions.

An accelerator pedal device includes a slide guide path which is formed in a housing, a first slider which is engaged with the pedal arm for receiving pedaling force as being slidably arranged in the slide guide path and which includes a first inclined face inclined against a movement direction of the first slider, a second slider which is slidably arranged in the slide guide path and which includes a second inclined face contacted to the first inclined face, and an urging spring which exerts urging force in a direction opposing to the pedaling force as being engaged with the second slider, wherein the slide guide path is formed as being tapered in a direction of movement of the first slider and the second slider which are moved in association with depression of the accelerator pedal. Accordingly, desired hysteresis can be obtained on the pedaling force while achieving downsizing.

A microcomputer is configured to perform a first control and a second control. The first control is of: starting operation of a power converter, when a first power supply voltage exceeds a starting voltage; and stopping the operation of the power converter, when the first power supply voltage is below a maintaining voltage. The second control is of: switching off a second switching element, when a second power supply voltage exceeds a first threshold voltage; maintaining an off-state of the second switching element until the second power supply voltage is below a second threshold voltage; and switching on the second switching element, when the second power supply voltage is below the second threshold voltage.

A comparison circuit includes a comparator into a first input terminal of which an input signal is input, and into a second input terminal of which a reference voltage for comparison is input, a controller which monitors an output signal of the comparator, and a voltage generation circuit into which a threshold voltage control signal from the controller is input, wherein the voltage generation circuit, when the voltage level of the output signal of the comparator is a first level, outputs as the reference voltage a first threshold voltage which is one of a high potential side threshold voltage and a low potential side threshold voltage which define a hysteresis width, and when the voltage level of the output signal of the comparator is a second level, outputs as the reference voltage a second threshold voltage which is the other one of the high potential side threshold voltage and low potential side threshold voltage.

A method for manufacturing a ferroelectric memory includes the steps of: forming an iridium film above a substrate; forming an iridium oxide layer on the iridium film; changing the iridium oxide layer into an amorphous iridium layer; oxidizing the amorphous iridium layer to form an iridium oxide portion; forming a ferroelectric film on the iridium oxide portion by a MOCVD method; and forming an electrode on the ferroelectric film.

The present invention provides a control device capable of improving hysteresis characteristics of a voice coil motor (31) and attaining a suitable lens position without complicating the structure of the control device. As solving means of the invention, a voice coil motor control device (30) includes a driving current control part (34) that controls a driving current supplied to the voice coil motor (31) in accordance with a driving pulse subjected to pulse width modulation, and a driving pulse control part (32) that divides a drive period of the voice coil motor (31) into a movement period and a holding period, and controls the driving pulse by changing the duty ratio of the driving pulse during the movement period in accordance with a duty setting value and fixing the duty ratio of the driving pulse during the holding period to the duty setting value.

The optical receiver includes: a photoelectric conversion circuit for receiving an optical signal and converting the received optical signal into an electrical signal; a comparator for outputting a first determination signal (S1) when a voltage corresponding to the optical signal does not reach a first threshold value (TH1) and for canceling an output of the S1 when the voltage corresponding to the optical signal exceeds a second threshold value larger than TH1 during the S1 is output; a timing extraction circuit for generating a clock signal based on a frequency and a phase of the electrical signal obtained by the converting and for outputting a second determination signal (S2) when the generated clock signal does not satisfy a predetermined condition; a unit for causing the comparator to output the S1 when the S2 is output; and detects loss of optical signal while one of the S1 and S2 is output.

A ferroelectric thin film formed of a highly oriented polycrystal in which 180° domains and 90° domains arrange at a constant angle to an applied electric field direction in a thin film plane and reversely rotate in a predetermined electric field.