The invention discloses an upper computer real-time monitoring and managing system of a lithium battery forming and capacity grading device. The upper computer real-time monitoring and managing system comprises an online managing module, an online monitoring module, a channel starting module, a data query module, a capacity grading module, a work log module, a power down protection module and an option setting module. Serial communication is adopted in the upper computer real-time monitoring and managing system, sample data of a lower computer are received in a multithreading mode in real time, the real-time current capacity value, the real-time voltage capacity and the real-time battery charge state are displayed, the data are stored, a current curve, a voltage curve and a capacity curve of batteries and a display data list are drawn, the graphs are printed, automatic charging and discharging control over all the batteries are carried out according to the set working procedure, capacity grading is carried out on the test results, and the upper computer real-time monitoring and managing system has the auxiliary functions of power down protection data continuing, online managing, option setting, work logs and the like.