The invention discloses a rapid and accurate train stopping method based on state identification. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring basic data, then planning a train stopping speed-distance reference curve according to the basic data, solving a braking level, then planning a train reference stopping curve, and forming a speed-distance curve cluster; and enabling the train to stop according to the settled brake level, when the running time of the train exceeds the brake adjustment time, carrying out rapid matching according to the actual running speed-distance curve of the train and the generated curve cluster, and updating the train reference curve according to the matching result. Train running state deviation caused by uncertain factors such as vehicle characteristic deviation, braking system response process deviation, train weight deviation and the like is considered, the train reference speed curve is adjusted so that the train stopping precision is improved, errors of a controller tracking curve and the reference stopping curve are reduced by adjusting the train reference stopping curve, a train control level fluctuation is decreased, and the riding comfort of passengers is improved.