The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant modified asphalt waterproof coiled material and the waterproof coiled material prepared by the preparation method, and relates to the technical field of waterproof coiled material preparation. The method comprises the following steps that asphalt is added into a high-speed shearing machine and heated to be completely melted; a modifier is added into the high-speed shearing machine, heating is performed, and a motor and an ultrasonic vibrator are started to enable a stirring paddle to stir and vibrate the mixed material; after being obtained, high-temperature-resistant modified asphalt is added into a screw extruder, a stabilizer is added, and melt extrusion is performed; and after stable high-temperature-resistant modified asphalt is obtained, sequential coating is performed on a coating machine according to the sequence of a bottom film layer, a lower modified asphalt layer, a lower isolating layer, a padding layer, an upper isolating layer and an upper modified asphalt layer to obtain the high-temperature-resistant modified asphalt waterproof coiled material. The standard dispersity coefficient range, the standard compatibility coefficient range and the standard viscosity range are set in a central control processor, and whether the modified asphalt reaches the standard or not is determined by judging whether actual values are in the ranges or not, so that the quality of the prepared waterproof coiled material is improved.