The invention relates to a testing device of a rock-soil body in-situ strength bearing plate and a usage method of the testing device. The testing device comprises a PC, a tester, a power mechanism, a bearing unit, a data collection and feedback unit and an assisted supporting structure; the PC and the tester are connected with each other, and a control module in the tester is a single chip microcomputer system; the power mechanism consists of a power generator, a motor driver, a moment motor, a speed reducer, a coupling and a jack; the bearing unit consists of a stress transmitting pillar and a bearing plate; the data collection and feedback unit is mainly provided with a rotary encoder and a pressure sensor. The device is assembled into a whole in a buckling manner, the rigid loading requirement needed by testing can be guaranteed; and in moving, the testing device can be conveniently moved and transported after being disassembled into small units. The usage method can be controlled by a program online or offline, the testing mode can be selected from a time mode, a displacement mode and a pressure bearing mode. The testing device and the usage method have the advantages that the mode switching is flexible, the testing process, data sampling and storage are automatic, and the like, and the testing efficiency and the quality reliability of testing data can be improved.