A test device for the vertical static load test of a single pile under the condition of stable pressurized water. A model box is laid with soil in the box to simulate a site, and a test single pile is buried in the soil in the box. The vertical loading system includes a reaction force frame, a lever , pile driver and weights, the hydraulic loading system includes a water pump, an inlet anti-filter cartridge, an outlet anti-filter cartridge, a force transfer water bag and a counter-pressure plate, the water outlet of the pump is connected to the anti-filter cartridge, and the imported anti-filter cartridge is installed in the model. On the water inlet of the wall of the box, the outlet anti-filter cartridge is installed on the water outlet of the wall of the model box, the top surface of the soil body in the box is laid with a force-transmitting water bag, and a counter-pressure plate is set on the force-transmitting water bag, and the counter-pressure plate is divided into left and right. Some of them are connected to the rotating shaft, and the left and right counter-pressure plates are connected by a screw cap, and the screw cap passes through the test single pile; the data acquisition system includes a displacement meter, which is located on the top of the test single pile, and the displacement meter is connected with the data acquisition instrument. . The invention has good effect, convenient operation, low cost and short time.