The invention provides a digital signal coding-based method and system for 5th generation (5G) broadband wireless communication, which relates to the field of the broadband wireless communication. In the digital signal coding-based method and system for the 5G broadband wireless communication, coding is performed on a high-speed baseband digital signal to form a transmission code, and then, the transmission code is directly sent, transmitted and received, whereas the radio-frequency carrier or the radio-frequency pulse of a traditional wireless communication system, or frequency conversion or modulation/demodulation processing on the signal is not needed. The extension and waveform conversion coding is performed on the high-speed baseband digital signal by the transmitting end of the system disclosed by the invention to form the transmission code, and the transmission code is transmitted through an antenna after being amplified; and at the receiving end of the system, the signal received by the broadband antenna is input to a high-speed sampler or an analog-to-digital converter after being amplified by a low noise amplifier, and then, is input to a baseband for signal processing. The digital signal coding-based system for the 5G broadband wireless communication provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, high transmission rate and low cost, and can be applied to 5G all-digital broadband wireless communication.