The invention relates to a digital measurement method for an
assembly clearance of a large depth-to-
width ratio assembly, and the method comprises the following steps: scanning to obtain
point cloud data P at a
cold plate and an
assembly in a TR assembly assembly region, preliminarily dividing the
point cloud data into a TR assembly
point cloud Pz and a
cold plate point cloud P1 through clustering, extracting the features of a mounting hole and the features of a positioning plane from the point cloud Pz and the point cloud P1, and calculating the assembly clearance of the TR assembly according to the features of the mounting hole and the features of the positioning plane; and aligning the corresponding
theoretical models of the TR assembly and the
cold plate to the point
cloud data according to the extracted hole features and the positioning plane features, calculating the gap distribution between the transceiving assembly and the cold plate according to the relative poses of the
theoretical models, converting the gap distribution into scalar quantities, and displaying the scalar quantities on the models in a
color difference diagram form. In a word, the theoretical model is used for
recovery of the assembly clearance through an efficient
feature extraction algorithm and a registration method, so that calculation of the complete assembly clearance in an invisible area is achieved, and clearance calculation precision and
data processing efficiency are greatly improved.