The present invention relates to a mounting and dismounting device for an oil material roller. The mounting and dismounting device is characterized by comprising hydraulic transmission, crank transmission and fixed connection mechanisms; the hydraulic transmission mechanism comprises a double-acting cylinder (4), a piston rod (19) cooperating with the double-acting cylinder (4) to act, a cylinder tailstock (2) and a hinge pin (3); and the crank transmission mechanism comprises a hydraulic rotating arm (7), a roller adjusting shaft sleeve (12), a supporting shaft (5), a large check ring (6), an arc-shaped cover (17), a chuck (18), a bolt (10), a jackscrew (11), nuts (13) and studs (23), and besides, a structure that a connecting rod (27) is arranged at the upper part of the hydraulic rotating arm (7) to replace the roller adjusting shaft sleeve (12), the jackscrew (11), nuts (13) and studs (23) is adopted by the mechanism. The mounting and dismounting device has the characteristics of safe and stable structure, safety and accuracy in mounting and dismounting, high quality and efficiency, low cost and the like.