The invention discloses a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network)-based voiceprint recognition method for anti-record attack detection. The CNN-based voiceprint recognition method comprises the following steps: step S101, acquiring to-be-detected voice frequency and establishing a voiceprint recognition data set; step S102, carrying out character extraction on the voice frequency of the voiceprint recognition data set, wherein extracted characters comprise a character MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient) and a bottleneck layer character; step S103, establishing a CNN by combining MobileNet andUnet; step S104, inputting the voiceprint recognition data set to the CNN for training; step S105, inputting the bottleneck layer character to the trained CNN by using testing voice frequency, thus obtaining a testing score for judging real talk or record voice frequency. The CNN-based voiceprint recognition method disclosed by the invention combines the characteristics of two models of the Unetand the MobileNet, has lower model complexity, i.e., lower model size, smaller computation resource loss and higher recognition accuracy rate, and can be transplanted and applied to a mobile phone side and an embedded device.