The invention provides an anti-deformation steel component single-face assembling method. The anti-deformation steel component single-face assembling method comprises the following steps that plates are prepared; pre-splicing is conducted, specifically, two side plates are spliced at the two ends of a back plate, inclined supporting plates are spliced between the back plate and the side plates, the joints of the inclined supporting plates and the side plates are welded, and a face plate is spliced at an opening to obtain a pre-spliced frame; back connection positioning is conducted, specifically, the back plates are tightly attached to each other to splice two pre-spliced frames, positioning is conducted through a clamping piece, the joints of the face plates and the side plates are welded, the face plates protrude towards the sides away from the back plates after cooling forming, and transition frames are obtained; component forming is conducted, specifically, the two transition frames are separated, and the joints of the back plates and the side plates are welded; and a transverse piece is welded, specifically, a transverse supporting piece is assembled to one side of the face plate, the joint is welded, and the front plate returns to be flat after cooling forming. According to the anti-deformation steel component single-face assembling method, in the welding and assembling process, deformation and reverse deformation actions can be achieved, it can be guaranteed that the surface of the finally-obtained steel component is straight and reliable, and machining steps and correction cost can be effectively saved.