The invention provides a tension control device for a zero-degree belt layer winding process. The tension control device comprises a winding displacement assembly, a driving system and a tension detecting system. The winding displacement assembly comprises a winding displacement frame, and the winding displacement frame is sequentially provided with a guide wheel, a first transition wheel, a powerwheel, a tension wheel, a second transition wheel and a third transition wheel from a rubber material inlet. The first transition wheel, the tension wheel and the third transition wheel are distributed on the upper area of the front side of the winding displacement frame, and the power wheel and the second transition wheel are distributed on the lower area of the front side of the winding displacement frame. A rubber material passes through the lower side of the guide wheel, is wound around the first transition wheel, goes out from the lower side of the power wheel, then is wound around the upper side of the power wheel, passes out from the lower side of the second transition wheel, and finally passes out from the upper side of the third transition wheel and enters a winding head. The driving system comprises a servo motor and a transmission assembly, and the servo motor drives the power wheel to run through the transmission assembly. The tension detection system comprises a sensing assembly and a detecting assembly, and the sensing assembly is connected with the tension wheel so as to be stressed in the vertical direction. The detecting assembly comprises a base plate and a sensor, the upper surface of the base plate abuts against the sensing assembly, the sensor is fixed to the lower surface of the base plate, and the sensing assembly applies vertical stress to the sensor through the base plate.