The invention discloses use of a small molecule compound aminoxyacetic acid in preparing a medicine for treating asthma. A mouse asthma model is established by using a sputum allergen, the mice are divided into a control group, an asthma group and an asthma intervention group, and the airway resistance, the pathological section, and the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are used to determine the severity of the disease in mice. The intervention of aminooxyacetic acid in the present invention can increase the proportion of Foxp3<+>Treg cells in the hilar lymph nodes, and can improve the severity of asthma, which is manifested by a decrease in pulmonary allergic inflammation, comprising a reduction in infiltration of inflammatory cells around the bronchi and adecrease in the proliferation of goblet cells, as well as eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils in BALFs. In addition, the airway resistance of AOA-treated mice is significantly lower than that ofthe asthma group. The AOA of the present invention can be used as a potential drug for the treatment of asthma.