The invention provides a block chain data interaction method and device capable of switching consensus algorithms. Different consensus algorithms are accessed for different service scenes, pluggable access is realized, the consensus efficiency of the block chain system is improved, the data interaction response time is shortened, powerful support is provided for function and performance of big data services with complex block chain processing logic, convenience is provided for function development, and the research and development efficiency is improved. According to the method, high couplingof a consensus algorithm and a block chain system verification node is solved, a design idea of a pluggable consensus algorithm is provided, system consensus and intelligent contract decoupling are realized, the consensus algorithm is high in availability and easy to expand, and monitoring operation and maintenance of the consensus node are more convenient and controllable. Meanwhile, the problemthat the communication cost of the original PBFT algorithm is too high in a private chain environment is solved, and the communication complexity is reduced after the RAFT algorithm is used. The average response time of the block chain can be effectively reduced, the utilization rate of a CPU and a memory of a server is reduced, and the resource overhead is saved.