54 results about "Diffuse radiation" patented technology

A fiber optic connector for coupling focused radiant energy from a laser to a fiber optic conductor includes a secondary transmission path, one or more diffusers and, optionally, one or more internal heat sinks for diffusing radiant energy so as to and thereby minimize damage to the connector. In addition, coupling of the radiant energy to the cladding of the fiber is minimized by stripping or at least partially removing the cladding to reduce the amount of cladding in the area that extends to the focal plane of the radiant energy source, while reduction of higher order propagation modes may optionally be achieved by tapering a section of the fiber in such a manner that light entering the fiber at large critical angles are effectively collimated, i.e., bent towards the axis of the fiber.

A small size turbidity sensor for underwater in-situ measurements in the wide range of turbidity values is disclosed that may be integrated into a housing with other underwater sensors. The turbidity sensor incorporates micro focusing devices and light stop that gives no divergence excitation beam with convergence less than 1.5 degrees and the measuring angle between the optical axis of the incident radiation and mat of the diffused radiation 90 ±2.5 degrees. Another embodiment includes internal and external optical calibrators that allows the sensor to work longer without human intervention.

End of line effect can occur during manufacture of components using a lithographic apparatus. These end of line effects can result in line end shortening of the features being manufactured. Such line end shortening may have an adverse impact on the component being manufactured. It is therefore desirable to predict and / or monitor the line end shortening. A test pattern is provided that has two separate areas such that, as designed, when the two areas are illuminated with radiation (for example from an angle-resolved scatterometer) they result in diffused radiation with asymmetry that is equal in sign to each other, but opposite in magnitude. When the test pattern is actually manufactured, line end shortening occurs, and so the asymmetry of the two areas are not equal and opposite. From the measured asymmetry of the manufactured test pattern, the amount of line end shortening that has occurred can be estimated.

A sensor system is described for detecting wetting of a window includes a photodetector having multiple light-sensitive elements and a light source for emitting light to a detection region of the window in such a way that a portion of the light is reflected at the window, and another portion of the light passes through the window. The light source and the light-sensitive element are situated in such a way that a portion of the light from the light source which passes through the window is reflected at the wetting and strikes a portion of the light-sensitive elements. The light source includes a lighting element which is set up to irradiate into a transparent body. The transparent body has a surface which has defined unevennesses for the diffuse radiation of the irradiated light.

A tight transfer device (10) between two sterile volumes (12, 14), of the double door or port type (22, 26), is equipped with a decontamination system (44) using ultraviolet, pulsed ultraviolet or pulsed light radiation, of the facing points of the gaskets (30, 36) ensuring the necessary sealing action. This decontamination system (44) is integrated into one (20) of the flanges of the transfer device. It comprises a collar (46) made from a material able to diffuse radiation, as well as optical fibers (48), whereof one end is mounted on said collar. The other end of the optical fibers (48) is connected to a radiation source. When the source is used, the radiation, routed by fibers (48) over the entire periphery of the collar (46), diffuse into the same towards the points of the gaskets (30, 36) to be decontaminated.

The invention discloses a conveyor belt longitudinal tear detecting method based on metal film diffuse reflection, and belongs to the technical field of conveyor belt online detection of coal mine enterprises. The conveyor belt longitudinal tear detecting method is characterized by being a detecting method for conveyor belt longitudinal tear by utilizing a physical property that infrared-ray reflectance of the metal film is 5 times that of a black adhesive tape and combining an infrared-ray CCD (charge coupled device) camera image detecting technology of a metal film. Infrared rays emitted by an area array infrared-ray light source used by the method cover half of the area of an adhesive tape; after the infrared rays generate diffuse radiation on the outer surface of a frosted metal tin film, one part of reflection signals are received by a CCD camera so as to draw out a surface condition figure of the half of the adhesive tape; by virtue of the design, less normal hardware equipment is utilized to realize wide-range and highly-real-time longitudinal tear early warning of a conveyor adhesive tape, so that purchasing and operation cost of the equipment is controlled within an acceptable range of the enterprises, and a misjudgment rate of an image analysis system to the adhesive tape outer surface state can be controlled to be lower than 10%.

The present invention relates to a device and a method for determining the properties of surfaces having at least one first radiation means for collimated irradiation of a measurement surface to be examined and at least one second radiation means for non-collimated irradiation of said measurement surface wherein the space above said measurement surface has substantially radiation-absorbing properties.The device of the invention further comprises at least one radiation detector means which captures at least a portion of the radiation reflected and / or diffused off the surface to be examined and emits at least one measurement signal which is characteristic of the reflected and / or diffused radiation.

A sensor system is described for detecting wetting of a window includes a photodetector having multiple light-sensitive elements and a light source for emitting light to a detection region of the window in such a way that a portion of the light is reflected at the window, and another portion of the light passes through the window. The light source and the light-sensitive element are situated in such a way that a portion of the light from the light source which passes through the window is reflected at the wetting and strikes a portion of the light-sensitive elements. The light source includes a lighting element which is set up to irradiate into a transparent body. The transparent body has a surface which has defined unevennesses for the diffuse radiation of the irradiated light.

The invention discloses an urban surface reflectance remote sensing inversion method, which comprises the following steps of S1, quantifying total radiation received by an urban surface ground objecttarget; S2, quantifying the radiance of the entrance pupil of the sensor; and S3, calculating the surface reflectance of the urban area by combining the step S1 and the step S2. The inversion method has the advantages that the transmission process of solar radiation in an urban area-atmosphere interface is simulated; physical processes such as shielding of direct solar radiation by urban buildings, influence of sky vision field coefficients on sky diffuse radiation and multiple reflection effects of side faces and the earth surface of the buildings are considered, and the model is clear in physical significance and can well represent influence of urban forms and structural features on the solar radiation transmission process.

In a method for measuring the size or shape of an edge of a machined work piece or of a cutting edge of a tool, the surface of the edge is illuminated by diffused radiation from several positions in the vicinity to the edge by an illumination arrangement, and a picture of the edge is reproduced by recording reflected radiation from the illuminated edge by means of a picture reproduction unit.

A multi-mode sound reproduction device is disclosed including a direct radiation sound device, a diffuse radiation sound device and a selection device in signal communication with both the direct radiation sound device and diffuse radiation sound device, the selection device capable of selecting between the direct radiation sound device for one mode of operation and the diffusion radiation sound device for another mode of operation in response to a received control signal.

In a method for measuring the size or shape of an edge of a machined work piece or of a cutting edge of a tool, the surface of the edge is illuminated by diffused radiation from several positions in the vicinity to the edge by an illumination arrangement, and a picture of the edge is reproduced by recording reflected radiation from the illuminated edge by means of a picture reproduction unit.

Measurements of electric charges obtained by the impact of ionizing radiation on a semiconductor detector are grouped in a histogram. Calibrations and data otherwise obtained are used to obtain acceptance probabilities of measurements, which are used to construct a histogram of events by weighting the measurements so as to exclude the influence of some factors (such as diffused radiation) or on the contrary to enhance this influence.

The invention discloses a brick tea appearing moldy spot drying room which comprises a drying room body, a movable drying rack, an external circulating device, an internal circulating device, a data acquisition device and a control device. The brick tea appearing moldy spot drying room adopts a bottom-heating diffuse radiation method and the independent internal circulating device of the drying room to make temperature and humidity distribution in the drying room more uniform, achieves the functions of automatically controlling temperature and humidity values of different stages and keeping uninterrupted constant temperature and humidity for a long time and integrates data acquisition, control and filing. The matched movable drying rack in the drying room does not need any auxiliary toolsand fixing screws, the flexibility of cross rods and the adapting degree between the drying rack and brick tea having different baking demands are increased, ventilation of brick tea is facilitated, the baking efficiency and quality are greatly improved, rusting and molding are not likely to occur in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and the whole drying rack is rust-proof and mold-proof.

The present invention relates to a radiation generating system (1) comprising a radiation unit (2), wherein the radiation unit (2) comprises a light source (3), a first collimator (4), and an optical arrangement (5). The light source (3) is configured to generate light source radiation (100) having a first spectral power distribution having an intensity I1,1 at a first wavelength λ1 and an intensity I1,2 at a second wavelength λ2. The first collimator (4) is configured in a light receiving relationship with the light source (3), wherein the first collimator (4) is configured to collimate the light source radiation (100) into collimated light source radiation (101) having an initial spatial light distribution (ISLD). The optical arrangement (5) is arranged downstream of the first collimator (4) and comprises an optical filter (6) and a diffuser (7). The optical filter (6) has a higher transmission for the first wavelength λ1 than for the second wavelength Xi when irradiated under a predefined angle 0. The first wavelength Xi is selected from the range of 190-230 nm and the second wavelength Xi is selected from the range of 100-190 nm and / or 230-300 nm. The optical filter (6) is configured to filter at least part of the collimated light source radiation (101) into filtered radiation (102) comprising at least portion of the light source radiation (100) of the first wavelength Xi having a first spatial light distribution (SLD1) and at least portion of the light source radiation (100) of the second wavelength λ2 having a second spatial light distribution (SLD2) different from the first spatial light distribution (SLD1). The diffuser (7) is configured downstream of the optical filter (6). The diffuser (7) is configured to diffuse at least part of the filtered radiation (102) into diffused radiation (103) comprising at least a portion of the light source radiation (100) of the first wavelength λ1 having a third spatial light distribution (SLD3) and at least portion of the light source radiation (100) of the second wavelength λ2 having a fourth spatial light distribution (SLD4) different from the second spatial light distribution (SLD2).

Measurements of electric charges obtained by the impact of ionizing radiation on a semiconductor detector are grouped in a histogram. Calibrations and data otherwise obtained are used to obtain acceptance probabilities of measurements, which are used to construct a histogram of events by weighting the measurements so as to exclude the influence of some factors (such as diffused radiation) or on the contrary to enhance this influence.

An apparatus for tomosynthesis and / or mammography includes: an X-ray detector, for receiving and detecting X-rays in a first, detection plane; an X-ray source, which can be activated individually and is positioned to emit a corresponding X-ray beam towards the first, detection plane; a processing and control unit, for activating the X-ray source and receiving a signal relating to X rays which passed through the breast and were detected by the detector to derive a radiographic image representative of the internal structure of the breast; a grille for removing diffuse radiation, interposed between the source and the detector to receive X-rays which passed through the breast. The grille including plates positioned opposite the chest of the patient when the breast is positioned in a positioning region, and which are angled to converge towards the same region proximal to the X-ray source.

A device for determining properties of surfaces having at least one first radiation device having at least one radiation source emitting radiation, having at least one first radiation detector having a first radiation detector element which captures at least a portion of the radiation emitted from the radiation device and subsequently diffused and / or reflected off a measuring surface and emits at least one measuring signal characteristic of the reflected / diffused radiation, and at least one second radiation detector having a second radiation detector element capturing a portion of the radiation from the radiation device and diffused / reflected off a measuring surface and outputs a measuring signal characteristic of the reflected and / or diffused radiation, and at least one filter device which is placeable both in the optical path between the radiation device and the first radiation detector and in the optical path between the radiation device and the second radiation detector.

The invention relates to a radiation-emitting apparatus (100, 200), comprising: a substrate (10); at least one layer sequence, which is arranged on the substrate (10), is suitable for producing electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range, and has at least one first electrode surface (12), at least one second electrode surface (16), and at least one functional layer (14) between the first electrode surface (12) and the second electrode surface (16), wherein the functional layer (14) is suitable for producing electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range in a switched-on operating state; a radiation-emitting surface (20); and a diffusion layer (22) having a first region and a second region, wherein the diffusion layer (22) is designed to at least partially diffuse radiation incident on the first region of the diffusion layer (22) in such a way that said radiation enters the second region of the diffusion layer (22).

A hyperspectrum-based spatial frequency domain imaging device and method are disclosed. The device includes a box body, a projecting part mounted in the box body and an imaging part mounted in the box body. A sample is put on a sample table. A projecting device of the projecting part and an imaging device of the imaging part all face towards the sample. Structured light after spatial modulation is emitted to the sample to be detected. A hyperspectral camera scans reflected light of the sample detected to obtain a hyperspectral image. Different hyperspectral images can be obtained through scanning and collecting by adjusting the phase and frequency parameters of the structured light. The hyperspectral images are demodulated to obtain diffuse radiation images of the detected sample, and then optical characteristic parameter information of the detected sample at continuous wavelengths is extracted from the diffuse radiation images. The spatial frequency domain imaging device and method can achieve visible near-infrared hyperspectrum detection of optical characteristics of a biological sample, and have advantages of a large imaging zone and much wavelength information.

A compact solar simulator includes a target surface for a solar module, an enclosure behind the target surface, and at least one source fixture including a lamp in the enclosure spaced from the target surface. Diffusing surfaces about the source fixture diffuse radiation emitted by the lamp. Specular reflectors are positioned to steer the diffused radiation to the target surface and are oriented to create a uniform intensity distribution across the target surface. Moreover, the surface area of any desired filters is reduced and any longitudinal non-uniform intensity distribution of the lamp is corrected.

A device for dark-field optical inspection of a substrate comprises: a light source for generating an incident beam that is projected onto an inspection zone of the substrate and that is capable of being reflected in the form of diffuse radiation; at least one first and one second collecting device; and a reflecting device for directing at least a portion of the diffuse radiation originating from a focal point of collection coincident with the inspection zone in the direction of the collecting devices, with a first and second reflective zone from which a first portion of the diffuse radiation is directed toward a first focal point, which is optically conjugated with the focal point of collection, and a second portion of the diffuse radiation is reflected toward a second focal point, which is optically conjugated with the collection focal point and distinct from the first focal point of detection.

The invention discloses a solar cell and a manufacturing method. The sunlight reflectivity of the surface of the polished solar cell is 35% or above, if no processing is performed, the short-circuit current of the solar cell certainly will be low, the efficient performance cannot be achieved, the light diffuse radiation of the solar cell is improved greatly through a light reflecting deflector, and the light conversion rate is increased; meanwhile, the method for manufacturing an existing solar cell panel is high in reject ratio, the exiting solar production technology cannot meet the requirement for solar cell panel production, the production method is applicable to production of a common battery panel and the cell panel, and the production efficiency and the production quality are improved.

The invention discloses a conveyor belt longitudinal tear detecting method based on metal film diffuse reflection, and belongs to the technical field of conveyor belt online detection of coal mine enterprises. The conveyor belt longitudinal tear detecting method is characterized by being a detecting method for conveyor belt longitudinal tear by utilizing a physical property that infrared-ray reflectance of the metal film is 5 times that of a black adhesive tape and combining an infrared-ray CCD (charge coupled device) camera image detecting technology of a metal film. Infrared rays emitted by an area array infrared-ray light source used by the method cover half of the area of an adhesive tape; after the infrared rays generate diffuse radiation on the outer surface of a frosted metal tin film, one part of reflection signals are received by a CCD camera so as to draw out a surface condition figure of the half of the adhesive tape; by virtue of the design, less normal hardware equipment is utilized to realize wide-range and highly-real-time longitudinal tear early warning of a conveyor adhesive tape, so that purchasing and operation cost of the equipment is controlled within an acceptable range of the enterprises, and a misjudgment rate of an image analysis system to the adhesive tape outer surface state can be controlled to be lower than 10%.

Measurements of electric charges obtained by the impact of ionizing radiation on a semiconductor detector are grouped in a histogram. Calibrations and data otherwise obtained are used to obtain acceptance probabilities of measurements, which are used to construct a histogram of events by weighting the measurements so as to exclude the influence of some factors (such as diffused radiation) or on the contrary to enhance this influence.

The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a movable solar intelligent control lighting lighthouse which comprises a lighthouse body and a photosensitive element and further comprises tubular photosensitive inner teeth, the photosensitive element is arranged at one end of the photosensitive inner teeth, the other end of the photosensitive inner teeth is provided with photosensitive outer teeth, the photosensitive outer teeth are arranged on the photosensitive inner teeth in a sleeving mode, and the photosensitive inner teeth are connected with the photosensitive element. A glass sheet is arranged between the photosensitive outer tooth and the photosensitive inner tooth, a light through hole is formed in the photosensitive outer tooth, a light source passes through the glass sheet, a black film is arranged on the side, close to the photosensitive element, of the glass sheet and fixedly connected with the glass sheet, and the length of the photosensitive inner tooth is larger than or equal to 100 mm and smaller than or equal to 202 mm. When the lighthouse is opened at night and the light inlet distance is long, the diffuse radiation light can be filtered, the intensity of the diffuse radiation light is weak, and the filtered photosensitive value is relatively low, so that the photosensitive element is difficult to be influenced by the illumination of the lighthouse at night, and the condition that the lighthouse is continuously turned on and off due to the influence of the lighthouse on the photosensitive element is reduced.

The invention relates to a method (S100, S200, S300, S400, S500) for determining at least one component of a hemispherical irradiance (120) of solar radiation in an arbitrary plane, wherein the at least one component has a diffuse irradiance (122) and / or a direct irradiance (124), comprising the following steps: (i) collecting measurement data relating to the hemispherical irradiance (120) using a radiation sensor unit (12) in a field of view (26) over a plane (46) of the radiation sensor unit (12); (ii) capturing an image (110) of the sky (50) using a camera (14) in a field of vision (32) over a plane (48) of the camera (14); (iii) extracting (S130, S230, S330, S430, S530) features from the image (110) of the sky (50) by means of a first machine learning model and producing a result data set; (iv) merging (S140, S240, S340, S440, S540) the measurement data to form a common data set; (v) determining (S150, S250, S350, S450, S550) the at least one component of the hemispherical irradiance (120) in the arbitrary plane from the data set by means of a second machine learning model.