The invention relates to a waveguide type integrated imaging three-dimensional display system based on a diffraction optical element. A micro displayer (1) is arranged at the position of the focal length of a holographic microlens array of the surface of the input end of a waveguide (3), a two-dimensional element image passes through the holographic microlens array and is imaged to obtain an image including depth and parallax information, the obtained image is coupled into the transparent waveguide (3) through a holographic lens on the surface of the input end of the waveguide (3), is spread through total reflection and is output in a coupling mode through a holographic lens on the surface of the output end of the waveguide (3), and the image is observed by the human eyes. According to the system, the diffraction optical element is introduced in to overcome the defects that in the technical background, the size is large, the weight is large, and the structure is complex, and integrated monocular three-dimensional displaying is achieved. Meanwhile, the optical element, the waveguide (3), is introduced in, and off-axis large-system pupil sight-thorough monocular three-dimensional displaying with the high transmission rate is achieved. The system can be widely applied to integrated imaging three-dimensional display systems.