Provided is a single mobile robot optimal itineration control method based on a target tracking control strategy. The method comprises seven steps of map construction, task description, topology construction, optimal path searching, task decomposition, target tracking control, and pose information feedback. The method comprises: firstly, based on a linear temporal logic theory, combining a constructed weighting switching system and a linear temporal logic task formula, establishing task feasible network topology; then, using an optimal path searching method based on a Dijkstra algorithm to search an optimal path, and storing discrete coordinate points in environment corresponding to the optimal path in cache, and sending the discrete coordinate points to a target tracking controller in order; then, using a target tracking control method to give a controlled quantity to control a robot to move to a target point according to distance between the robot and the target point and deviation of angles; and finally, in an operation process of the robot, using a global camera to acquire present position coordinate and orientation information of the robot in real time, and feeding back to the target tracking controller, so as to realize closed-loop control.