The invention discloses a vehicle path planning method based on an improved bidirectional informed-RRT *. The method comprises the steps: 1, building a grid map, and determining a starting point and a target point; 2, sampling by utilizing a combined extension strategy and fusing a bidirectional RRT * algorithm to obtain an initial path; 3, obtaining an elliptical state subset space by using an improved bidirectional informed-RRT * algorithm, and obtaining sampling points; 4, optimizing the initial path by using a target gravity fusion bidirectional RRT * algorithm to obtain an optimized path, updating an elliptical region according to the length of the optimized path, and sampling in the updated elliptical region to obtain sampling points; 5, repeating the step 4 to obtain a final path; and 6, after pruning the final path, smoothing by using a fourth-order Bezier curve. Sampling randomness is reduced, convergence efficiency is improved, and the generated path is optimal and meets vehicle dynamic constraints, so that a vehicle can successfully avoid obstacles and quickly reach a target point.