The invention belongs to a field of flight control technology and discloses an emergency return landing speed command set design method. The method includes (1), constructing a grid of mass, rolling angle, airport height, height and speed parameters, calculating an attack angle, an elevator, a lift-drag ratio, a track angle and a submerge rate of constant speed gliding of an aircraft, determining the maximal lift-drag ratio rate and the idle gliding maximal available speed changing along with mass, rolling angle, airport height and height, dividing a speed range between the maximal lift-drag ratio rate and the idle gliding maximal available speed into N+1 parts, adding the maximal lift-drag ratio rate and the idle gliding maximal available speed for creating a N+2 grade speed command set, wherein the content of each grade of the speed command set includes the attack angle, the elevator, the lift-drag ratio, the track angle and the submerge rate corresponding to the speed of said grade; (3) recording the N+2 grade speed command set by the aircraft, and selecting an appropriate speed command set grade for execution according to the mass, the airport height, the height, the speed and the distance between the aircraft and the airport when emergency aircraft return landing is required.