43 results about "Functional methods" patented technology

A clinically valuable method is provided for evaluating the onset or progression of Alzheimer's disease using a non-invasive biomarker obtained from an independent component analysis (ICA) of an individual's resting state functional MRI. The method is relatively more automated and objective than previous methods and exploits dysfunctional connectivity across an entire network of brain regions in Alzheimer's disease. It eliminates the need for investigator's intervention as much as possible and is more robust than structural and functional methods targeting the hippocampus.

The invention relates to a quantitative calculation method for lake wetland ecological water requirement in an arid region. The method includes determining indicator species, searching for key restraining factors, building a model and calculating the lake wetland ecological water requirement. Compared with a water quantity balancing method, a curve relevant method, a minimum water level method and the like in the prior art, the method achieves the effect that structure and stability of an ecological system in the arid region are comprehensively considered. Compared with a functional method, the method achieves the effect that hydrological condition required by the indicator species around the lake wetland for growth and propagation is considered and is suitable for the lake wetland in the arid region. The method can be directly used for determining an ecological restoring target of the lake wetland in the arid region, guiding the implementation of wetland ecological water supplementation measures and has an important theoretical and practical meaning for basin water resource planning and configuration.

The invention provides a water-dilutable ultraviolet-thermal double curing coating composition and a preparation method thereof. The components of the double curing coating composition in percentage by weight are: 3.5 to 60 percent of water-dilutable urethane acrylate oligomer, 17 to 47 percent of water-dilutable polyurethane polylol, 20 to 49 percent of water-dilutable curing agent, 0.4 to 9 percent of light trigger and 0.4 to 1.6 percent of auxiliary agent. The preparation method for the double curing coating is simple and does not require complex equipment; and the working life of the coating is long and reaches as long as 9 hours; the coating obtained can be used for preparing a coating by the functional methods of spray coating, brush coating and roller coating; ultraviolet curing can be completed within a short period of time between 10 and 30 seconds, and thermal curing can be completed within a period of time between 1 and 3 minutes at a temperature of between 40 and 60 DEG C; a paint film obtained after double curing has good leveling property, flexibility, shock resistance and adhesion and high hardness; and the coating does not contain an organic solvent and a reactive diluent, and is an environment-friendly coating.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a counter electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell, which comprises the following steps of: 1) preparing water-soluble single-layer or multi-layer graphene from graphite through a chemical oxidation method, or preparing organically water-soluble single-layer or multi-layer graphene from the graphite through an organic functional method; 2) preparing the water-soluble or organically water-soluble single-layer or multi-layer graphene onto the surface of a glass substrate for molding, and airing to prepare a thin film of the single-layer or multi-layer graphene; and 3) reducing the glass substrate with the thin film of the single-layer or multi-layer graphene by using a reducing agent, or calcining under the protection of nitrogen or argon to obtain the counter electrode of the dye-sensitized solar cell, which is coated with the single-layer or multi-layer grapheme film on the surface of the glass substrate. Electrons generated by a dye-sensitized TiO2 thin-film electrode are transferred to electrolyte to finish a cycle, so the optical energy is converted into electric energy and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is improved.

The invention relates to a municipal wastewater treatment system (STAR) for forming a wastewater treatment plant (PTAR), characterized by the functional and structural relationship between the components thereof. The invention comprises seven treatment stages in the STAR and the arrangement thereof, including: an intake regulator box having a discharge outlet; a pretreatment stage consisting of solid separation screens and grit channels; and anaerobic biodigester; an up-flow anaerobic filter; drying beds; subsurface flow constructed wetlands; and a chlorine contact channel. The STAR and PTAR according to the invention are suitable for use in a single home, as well as for use by communities of approximately 5,000 (thousand) inhabitants, and their capacity can be increased to the extent that new elements are provided at each of the different steps, simply by adding and adapting modules, without having to replace the already operating elements.

The invention relates to a sight spot information self-service query system and a method. The system comprises a two-dimension code acquisition unit, a two-dimension code analytical module, a file browsing or playing unit and a data relay and / or transmission module. In the method, data containing relevant information is acquired, analyzed and transmitted, then a file and the file address which are corresponding to the sight spot relevant information are transmitted to a user; and particularly, relevant information can be transmitted by cellphone photograph, multimedia message transmission, WAP and other functional methods. The invention solves the problems of small amount of introduction information, single source and difficulty in satisfying tourists demands of the existing sight spots. By adopting a cellphone two-dimension code to acquire sight spot information, problems of sight spots can be ameliorated, so as to promote informatization development of tourist industry.

The invention discloses a medium rough surface finite element electromagnetic simulation method based on integral boundary. The medium rough surface finite element electromagnetic simulation method based on the integral boundary mainly solves the problem that similarity of inhomogeneous media and approximate absorbing boundary are difficult to solve by integral equation class methods. The medium rough surface finite element electromagnetic simulation method based on the integral boundary comprises the achieving steps of using a monte carlo method for obtaining a medium rough surface, carrying out truncation processing and scattering on the medium rough surface through an artificial boundary, acquiring a finite element equation of a simulation area according to a functional method inside the simulation area, using an integral equation method for obtaining integral boundary conditions outside the simulation area, forming an electromagnetic coupled equation through continuous conditions, and finally obtaining radar scattering parameters of the medium rough surface by solving an electromagnetic coupled matrix equation. Compared with the prior art, the medium rough surface finite element electromagnetic simulation method based on the integral boundary can be more easily used for simulating inhomogeneous medium electromagnetic problems than the integral equation class methods, can improve electromagnetic simulation precision compared with the approximate absorbing boundary, and can be used for acquiring the electromagnetic scattering parameters of medium rough surface unbounded area problems.

The invention provides a UI-based mobile end automated test method and system. The server adopts keyword driving logic to compile test cases. The server establishes a connection with the mobile terminal which needs to carry out UI test, the server reads the mobile terminal equipment information of the mobile terminal, the server reads the test case of the Excel form, and obtains each test operation keyword arranged according to the operation order, and corresponding operation object; Then, the server transforms the test cases into test commands, and sends the test commands and the configuration information determined in step 5 to the Appium module. The mobile terminal executes corresponding test commands and feeds back the test execution results to the server. The method and system have the advantages that the user only needs to input the test operation keyword and the operation object in the Excel form, and the corresponding method in the system can be called to realize the UI automation test of the mobile terminal through the whole functional method package, which has the advantages of high test efficiency.

The invention discloses a torque ripple minimum fault-tolerant control method considering a reluctance torque. The torque ripple minimum fault-tolerant control method comprises the following steps of acquiring a motor parameter by finite element simulation software, wherein the motor parameter mainly comprises a no-load counter potential and an inductance waveform; performing polynomial fitting on the obtained inductance waveform by a matrix laboratory (MATLAB); determining an expression of a fault-tolerant current according to information of a fault phase; solving an electromagnetic torque of a motor according to a magnetic functional method of the motor and according to the obtained fault-tolerant current, inductance and the counter potential, wherein the electromagnetic torque comprises a permanent-magnet torque component and a reluctance torque component; decomposing the obtained electromagnetic torque into an average torque component, a secondary torque component and a quartic torque component; determining an equation set according to a principle that the average torque before and after a fault is not changed, the torque pulse is minimum and the sum of remaining normal phase currents is zero; and solving an optimal fault-tolerant current under the optimization condition of minimum quadratic sum of current amplitudes by an MATLAB non-linear optimization tool box. The torque pulse minimum fault-tolerant control containing the reluctance torque is achieved by a current hysteresis controller.

The present invention relates to a cross device running Web application software implementation system and a method thereof. In the system, a Web application basic implementation unit is responsible for basic implementation of Web application, calling of local functional method sets and establishment of a script file for realizing local functional methods; a Web application local running supporting unit is responsible for realizing the reference of an application file and the calling of the local functional methods when the Web application runs locally; and a Web application web page running supporting unit is responsible for realizing the reference of the application file and the calling of the local functional methods when the Web application runs on the web pages. Based on the method, a developer only needs to develop the Web application once to run the application by virtue of two access modes including a browser mode and a local start-up mode, namely, the application can be operated as the web page Web application and local Web application at the same time; and a variety of Web application access modes can be provided for users, and moreover, the users can be enabled to access the application and data of the users on more devices.

The invention provides a dynamic calibration method and a device for a thrust test of a pulse detonation engine test bed. The dynamic calibration method comprises the following steps of: applying a trapezoidal pulse force, which is similar to a thrust waveform of a pulse detonation engine, to a test system by using a vibration exciter; calibrating output of the test system by using impedance headoutput; when natural frequency of the test system is constant, driving the vibration exciter with different pulse frequencies, thereby obtaining output of the test system at different frequencies; obtaining amplitude ratios and phase differences at corresponding frequencies by using a transfer function and an autocorrelation functional method; and fitting and drawing an amplitude ratio and phase difference curve. According to the dynamic calibration method for the thrust test of the pulse detonation engine test bed, defects in dynamic calibration of a pulse detonation engine thrust testing system are remedied, system output obtained at certain test system natural frequencies and pulse detonation engine operating frequencies can be corrected according to the amplitude ratio and phase difference curve, and highly precise test results can be obtained.

The present invention relates to a novel extraction technology of effective components in Chinese medicine. Specifically, the present invention relates to a novel method of using ultrasound to extract an effective component isorhamnetin in ginkgo leaves. The method uses a design program of orthogonal experiment. Based on technical parameters of the generation method, ultrasonic intensity, functional duration, functional method, solvent type, temperature of the system, and the mixing method of ultrasound through screening and extraction process, the fresh ginkgo leaves can be prepared. The ginkgo leaves are dried at a temperature of 60 DEG C for 24 hours and crushed and screened (0.45 Mu m) to be a material. The ginkgo leaves are filled into ethanol solution of 45 percent in an ultrasonic extraction reactor; the material and solution are mixed according to a ratio (Kg: L) of 1 to from 17 to 19. The generation method of ultrasound comprises a simulated audible device of ultrasound and a radial cylindrical vibration transducer. The ultrasonic power is 100W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 28 kHz. In the extraction method, the ultrasound functions once with an interval of 3 minutes; the functional time of ultrasound is 3 minutes; the total extraction time is 36 minutes; the extraction temperature is 45 DEG C; the stirring method is an air-lift stirring way; the content of isorhamnetin in the extraction solution is analyzed by using high-efficiency liquid-phase chromatogram and the quantity is fixed in a standard-material external marking way. With the methods, the extraction rate of the effective component isorhamnetin in ginkgo leaves can reach 96.77 percent.

The invention discloses a dragon-shaped solar and air energy composite aircraft. The dragon-shaped solar and air energy composite aircraft is provided with an aircraft body, two flight devices are mounted on the aircraft body; aerofoils are respectively mounted at four corners of each of the flight devices through screws and nuts; a pulley is fixed at the bottom of each of the aerofoils through screws and nuts; wind-driven generators are respectively mounted at the two edges of each of the flight devices through screws and nuts; silicon battery panels are respectively arranged on the two sides of the front end of a chassis; an energy accumulator and a control processor are embedded in the chassis; the control processor is connected with the energy accumulator through a lead; the energy accumulator is connected with the wind-driven generators and the silicon battery panels through a lead; a waterproof thin film is attached onto the surface of the flight device. The dragon-shaped solar and air energy composite aircraft disclosed by the invention has the benefits that as the pulley is arranged at the bottom of each of the aerofoils, the space of the aircraft is effectively saved, and the driving convenience of the aircraft is improved; multiple functional methods can be increased through mounting the wind-driven generators and the silicon battery panels, so that the cruising ability of the aircraft is improved.

The invention discloses a service system for managing a WeChat enterprise number and a service number, belonging to the technical field of the Internet. The service system comprises a database layer,a platform interface docking layer, an application configuration management layer and a terminal display layer. The database layer is provided with a platform database for storing the key data of various WeChat public numbers including enterprise numbers, service numbers and subscription numbers and the service data of platform configuration management. The interface docking layer performs dockingtest according to the Tencent api interface. On the basis of the original add a unified management of multiple platforms to achieve a management end, multiple WeChat public number management at the same time, the application configuration management through interface operations to invoke the docking layer of the functional methods to achieve the integration of multiple platforms. The terminal layer supports multi-terminal access at the same time. In order to get rid of the restriction of pc access and consider the working efficiency and convenience, the terminal layer integrates the mobile platform and supports all kinds of message alerts at the mobile terminal.

The present invention relates to a novel extraction technology of effective components in Chinese medicine. Specifically, the present invention relates to a novel method of using ultrasound to extract an effective component kaempferol in ginkgo leaves. The method uses a design program of orthogonal experiment. Based on technical parameters of the generation method, ultrasonic intensity, functional duration, functional method, solvent type, temperature of the system, and the mixing method of ultrasound through screening and extraction process, the fresh ginkgo leaves can be prepared. The ginkgo leaves are dried at a temperature of 60 DEG C for 24 hours and crushed and screened (0.45 Mu m) to be a material. The ginkgo leaves are filled into ethanol solution of 45 percent in an ultrasonic extraction reactor; the material and solution are mixed according to a ratio (Kg: L) of 1 to 15. The generation method of ultrasound comprises a simulated audible device of ultrasound and a radial cylindrical vibration transducer. The ultrasonic power is 100W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 35 kHz. In the extraction method, the ultrasound functions once with an interval of 2 minutes; the functional time of ultrasound is 5 minutes; the total extraction time is 28 minutes; the extraction temperature is 35 DEG C; the stirring method is an air-lift stirring way; the content of kaempferol in the extraction solution is analyzed by using high-efficiency liquid-phase chromatogram. With the methods, the extraction rate of the effective component kaempferol in ginkgo leaves can reach 97.35 percent.

The invention discloses an identification method of a eutectic structure of explosive. The identification method comprises the following steps: firstly determining Raman spectra of a eutectic explosive sample and single-substance explosive samples to obtain corresponding fingerprint spectrum characteristic peaks; adopting a B3LYP mixing functional method, and calculating vibration frequencies of explosive molecules respectively by using a DFT (Density Functional Theory); then identifying the fingerprint spectrum characteristic peaks of the explosive molecules and attributing a vibration mode; and finally, comparing the Raman spectra of the eutectic explosive sample and the two single-substance explosive samples, attributing the vibration mode of the eutectic explosive sample according to vibration peak displacement of the fingerprint spectrum characteristic peaks of the two single-substance explosive samples, and analyzing the forming reasons of the eutectic structure through Raman characteristic displacement. According to the identification method, the eutectic structure of the explosive is rapidly analyzed and identified by simply mixing the single-substance explosive and the single-substance explosive mixed two by two, and taking the single-substance explosive to react two by two to form the inconsistent eutectic Raman spectra and generate different Raman peak position changes.

The invention discloses a density functional and hybrid functional-based method for calculating a defect motion of Si, relates to a method for calculating the defect motion of the Si, and aims to solve the problem of low accuracy of obtaining defect motion energy of the Si by adopting a density functional method at present. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a lattice parameter of the Si;obtaining a lattice parameter of an energy minimum point of the Si; according to the lattice parameters and the band-gap width, obtaining a simulative result consistent with an experimental result; calculating energy change in a bivacancy separation process by using density functional and CLNEB methods, obtaining atomic structures of Si atoms under different electrified capacity, and calculatingthe energy change in the bivacancy separation process by adopting a hybrid functional method according to the structures. The method is used in the field of Si defect motion calculation.

This invention aims at providing a catalyst body exhibiting a lower degradation of a catalyst due to thermal durability and capable of keeping higher catalyst performance for a long time. A catalyst component such as Pt is directly supported by Zr, W, etc, replacing elements inside a support such as Al of cordierite to provide a catalyst body without forming a coating layer. A combination of the catalyst component and the element inside the support is selected so that support strength is greater than 5 eV by simulation using a density functional method. Coarsening of catalyst particles can be suppressed and a high-performance catalyst body excellent in thermal durability can be obtained.

The invention discloses an electro-hydraulic servo system position tracking control method considering input delay constraints. The method comprises steps: a mathematical model for the electro-hydraulic servo system is built; a controller considering input delay constraints is designed; and a Lyapunov stability theory is applied to stability proving, the bounded and stable position tracking performance of the system is obtained, and a result of all signals of the system to be bounded is obtained. Through introducing an input delay compensation signal in the controller, an open-loop error system without input delay is thus acquired, and in combination of a Lyapunov-krasovskii functional method, influenced brought by delay are eliminated. The problem that input delay constraints in the actual electro-hydraulic servo system influence the system performance can be effectively solved, and better high-precision position tracking performance can be acquired.

This invention aims at providing a catalyst body exhibiting a lower degradation of a catalyst due to thermal durability and capable of keeping higher catalyst performance for a long time. A catalyst component such as Pt is directly supported by Zr, W, etc, replacing elements inside a support such as Al of cordierite to provide a catalyst body without forming a coating layer. A combination of the catalyst component and the element inside the support is selected so that support strength is greater than 5 eV by simulation using a density functional method. Coarsening of catalyst particles can be suppressed and a high-performance catalyst body excellent in thermal durability can be obtained.

The invention relates to a thermal activation delayed fluorescence probe for detecting hydrogen peroxide. Optical properties of two fluorescent probe molecules Mol 1 and Mol 2 used for detecting hydrogen peroxide are calculated based on the time-dependent density functional theory, and response mechanisms of the two fluorescent probe molecules are explained. The result shows that compared with theexperimental probe molecule Mol 1, the Mol 2 has the characteristics that the absorption peak and the emission peak are obviously subjected to red shift due to the fact that a metal-free side chain is added, and a better fluorescence probe property is exhibited. In addition, through analysis of molecular orbital distribution and charge transfer difference graphs, the photoinduced electron transfer mechanism of the probe is explained. According to the invention, the S-T energy gap of the two probes is calculated through an optimal functional method, the results shows that the energy gap of thedesigned molecule Mol 2 is 0.31 eV, and the Mol 2 is a probe molecule with a delayed fluorescence effect.

The invention discloses an identification method of a eutectic structure of explosive. The identification method comprises the following steps: firstly determining Raman spectra of a eutectic explosive sample and single-substance explosive samples to obtain corresponding fingerprint spectrum characteristic peaks; adopting a B3LYP mixing functional method, and calculating vibration frequencies of explosive molecules respectively by using a DFT (Density Functional Theory); then identifying the fingerprint spectrum characteristic peaks of the explosive molecules and attributing a vibration mode;and finally, comparing the Raman spectra of the eutectic explosive sample and the two single-substance explosive samples, attributing the vibration mode of the eutectic explosive sample according to vibration peak displacement of the fingerprint spectrum characteristic peaks of the two single-substance explosive samples, and analyzing the forming reasons of the eutectic structure through Raman characteristic displacement. According to the identification method, the eutectic structure of the explosive is rapidly analyzed and identified by simply mixing the single-substance explosive and the single-substance explosive mixed two by two, and taking the single-substance explosive to react two by two to form the inconsistent eutectic Raman spectra and generate different Raman peak position changes.

A catalyst component for addition polymerization containing (A) a compound containing an atom of the Group II to the Group XII or Lanthanide series in which the lowest energy level of unoccupied molecular orbital having the valence p-type atomic orbital of the atom of the Group II to the Group XII or Lanthanide series as a main component, wherein the coefficient represented by a linear combination, is 0.4 or more is calculated to be 0.008 atomic unit (Hartree) or less by the calculation of density functional method (B3LYP / 3-21G level), a catalyst for addition polymerization containing the same, and a process for producing an addition polymer with the catalyst are disclosed.

The invention relates to a terahertz metamaterial chip hydrogel functionalization method. The method comprises the steps that amino or other active functional groups are introduced to the surface of asubstrate of a terahertz metamaterial chip to achieve preprocessing, then, the surface of the preprocessed terahertz metamaterial chip is coated with a prepolymer monomer solution, a prepolymer filmis formed, and finally hydrogel functionalization of the terahertz metamaterial chip is achieved through a polymerization reaction. The intensive absorption characteristic of the THz waveband of waterand the water content changing characteristic in the response hydrogel and target molecule characteristic reaction process are ingeniously combined, and the target molecule special sensing problem inthe liquid phase environment is converted into high-sensitivity detection for the surface modified response hydrogel layer water content through the THz metamaterial technology. Meanwhile, the functionalization modification method is good in universality, simple, convenient to implement, rapid, high in nonspecific adsorption resistance and high in biocompatibility.

The invention discloses a method for preparing functional reconstituted tobacco leaves by virtue of pomace. The method comprises the following steps: extracting tobacco stem and tobacco leaf wastes in hot water, removing impurities in an extracting solution and concentrating the extracting solution, so that a concentrated solution is obtained, and pulping residues obtained from the extraction so as to obtain a tobacco pulp; defibering and decomposing the pomace so as to obtain a fiber pulp; then, conducting screening, removing impurities, conducting dehydrating and concentrating, and conducting fractionated defibering and milling so as to obtain a pomace pulp; conducting medium-consistency refining on softwood pulp so as to obtain an outer fiber pulp; mixing, defibering and dispersing the tobacco pulp, the pomace pulp and the outer fiber pulp, regulating concentration and manufacturing a substrate with a mixed pulp online; and smearing the concentrated solution to the manufactured substrate, and conducting drying and slicing so as to obtain the functional reconstituted tobacco leaves. According to the method disclosed by the invention, by preparing the functional reconstituted tobacco leaves through the full use of the pomace, a filling performance is improved and a tar release amount is reduced, and meanwhile, the finished product (the functional reconstituted tobacco leaves) has a special fruity flavor; raw material production cost is effectively reduced and a wider profit margin is provided to enterprises; and meanwhile, resource waste is relieved and natural environment is protected.

The invention relates to a quantitative calculation method for lake wetland ecological water requirement in an arid region. The method includes determining indicator species, searching for key restraining factors, building a model and calculating the lake wetland ecological water requirement. Compared with a water quantity balancing method, a curve relevant method, a minimum water level method and the like in the prior art, the method achieves the effect that structure and stability of an ecological system in the arid region are comprehensively considered. Compared with a functional method, the method achieves the effect that hydrological condition required by the indicator species around the lake wetland for growth and propagation is considered and is suitable for the lake wetland in the arid region. The method can be directly used for determining an ecological restoring target of the lake wetland in the arid region, guiding the implementation of wetland ecological water supplementation measures and has an important theoretical and practical meaning for basin water resource planning and configuration.

The invention relates to a method for monitoring the solar electromagnetic wave, which is that 1gram balancing scrap iron is wrapped into a round object by plastic cloth and tied by a thread; then the wrapped and tied 1gram balancing scrap iron round object is tied on a thread with 80mm length, and is hung in the middle of a rectangular glass box with 100mm height and 20mm width; the 1gram balancing scrap iron round object which is hung in the middle of the glass box lies in a suspension state; the 1gram balancing scrap iron round object which is hung in the middle of the rectangular glass box keeps swinging to and fro at the radian of from 0 degrees to 33 degrees all the time when being placed in a place with sunlight from 8 o'clock in the morning to 16 o'clock in the afternoon, which is the function of the solar electromagnetic wave. The nearer the sun is away from the 1gram balancing scrap iron round object which is hung in the glass box, the bigger the to-and-fro swinging amplitude is.

An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially advantageous method for producing a functional organic component and a ceramic component complex at one go based on a concept different from conventional ones. The water-based slurry (C) containing the functional organic component (A) and the ceramic component (B) is supplied into the tank of the spray drying device in the state of fine droplets, and hot air is blown into the tank, so that the The liquid droplets are dried and pulverized when they come into contact with hot air in the tank, so that a finely powdered mixture in which the organic component (A) and the ceramic component (B) are mixed is obtained at one go.

AR (comprising Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality, Virtual reality and the use of visual recognition are new technologies that have yet to gain widespread acceptance let alone any type of consumer commercialization. The invention addresses many of the issues hindering its growth including boring content, static content, lack of sampling technology, no way to appropriately give as a gift or to collect and lack of information regarding the availability of various apps, cost, length of time for use, unattractive method of obtaining the AR functionality, non-functional method of selling AR to consumers as well as other factors. The invention provides a complete system and method to introduce and enhance the value of AR

The invention discloses a method for increasing the code accuracy of resin micro sphere spectrum, 1. carries on infrared or Raman character vibration frequency calculation through quantum chemistry density functional method. 2. multiplies the character vibration frequency with the correcting factor; makes the spectrum acquired in experience have at least one strong peak consistent to the character vibration frequency after being corrected. 3. Selects the spectrum peak dual to the character vibration frequency quantization result from the monomer experiment measuring result, acquires the coding character infrared or Ramon vibration frequency of the monomer. 4. In the infrared or Ramon spectrum experiment measuring results of the resin micro sphere polymer, selects the spectrum dual to the infrared or Ramon vibration frequency, which is used as the spectrum for accurate code.