71 results about "Ecological water requirement" patented technology

The invention discloses a method of optimizing and determining a water supply type reservoir dispatching diagram considering the human and ecological needs, which comprises the following steps of: firstly determining the minimum ecological water requirement of a river; selecting AAPFD indexes and weighing the disturbing degree of a river hydrological regime; establishing a reservoir dispatching regulation combining the minimum ecological water requirement and a reservoir dispatching curve; then respectively determining a measure method of an ecological benefit target and a social benefit target of reservoir dispatchment; converting the social benefit target and the ecological benefit target to an ecological, social and economic total benefit target by adopting compromise programming; optimizing parameters of the dispatching diagram by adopting a genetic algorithm so as to obtain an optimal dispatching diagram which has the disturbing degree of the hydrological regime in a threshold value range and can enable the ecological, social and economic total benefit to be maximum. The invention can ensure that the operation of a reservoir can not generate fierce degeneration of a river ecological system and enable the comprehensive benefit of society, economy and ecology brought by the operation of the reservoir to be maximized.

The invention discloses an ecological-power generation dynamic mutual feedback regulation method for a cascade reservoir group. The method comprises: a generating capacity and an ecological assurancerate are used as objective functions of an ecological-power generation mutual feedback regulation model of a cascade reservoir group, wherein a constraint set of the ecological-power generation mutualfeedback regulation model of the cascade reservoir group includes a water balance equation, an inflow flow balance equation, an outflow flow balance equation, a water storage limit constraint, a power generation flow constraint, an outbound flow constraint and a power station output constraint and the ecological assurance rate is obtained by meeting a space-time proportion of four ecological standards including a water quality demand, a cutoff water demand, a sand flushing water demand, and an ecological water demand by a water flow condition; and on the basis of an improved non-domination sorting genetic algorithm, optimal outflow floes of all reservoirs at all periods are obtained from the ecological-power generation mutual feedback regulation model of the cascade reservoir group. According to the invention, the generating capacity and the ecological assurance rate are used as objective functions; and the influence on the ecological environment is reduced while the maximum reservoirpower generation amount is ensured.

The invention relates to a calculation method of the ecological water demand of a wetland based on the evaluation of the disturbance degree of an ecological system. The calculation method comprises the following steps: firstly analyzing the morphological features of the wetland, obtaining the key water level affecting the change of the area of water surface of the wetland according to the change rate of the area of the water surface of the wetland along with the change of the water level, and constructing a plurality of ecological water level schemes including the initial ecological water level scheme according to the key water level and the discrete result thereof; then applying the Mann-Kendall method to analyze water level time sequential value, finding out a mutation point of the change of the water level to determine the water level state under the natural condition; and further carrying out modified hydrological index evaluation on all the water level schemes on the basis, determining a series of wetland appropriate ecological water level schemes achieving the requirements on the health status of the ecological system and finally determining appropriate ecological water demand schemes. The calculation method can provide a series of the appropriate ecological water demand schemes which are applicable to different water supply conditions, ensure that the ecological system can not degenerate severely due to water shortage in different periods and lead the operability in the water resource management and configuration to be stronger.

The invention provides a river ecological flow determining method with the benthos diversity as a target. By means of the method, the research methods of ecological water requirements are enriched, and meanwhile, the ecological flow determining method with benthos as indicator organisms is provided. The method comprises the steps that river segment selection is researched; the benthos in a river segment are researched and ecological environment elements are inspected on site; the type of a benthos habitat and the characteristic parameter threshold value of the benthos habitat are determined; the optimal type of the benthos habitat which maintain the benthos diverse is determined; the fluvial geomorphology measurement of the river segment is researched; a two-dimensional hydrodynamics modelis constructed; the benthos habitat of the river segment is simulated in different flows; the optimal flow for maintaining the benthos diverse is determined. The method has the advantages that the ecological flow which enables the benthos diversity to be highest can be very accurately obtained, and the problem that by means of a general ecological flow determining method, the result cannot reflect the actual demands of aquatic organisms is solved.

The invention relates to an ecological dispatching method for a reservoir based on an ecological dispatching graph, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, adding ecological water requirements into a water supply plan of the reservoir as a water supply department, calculating the utilizable capacity and the key dispatching line of the reservoir by using the diachronous method and the actual typical year method respectively, and further drawing the ecological dispatching graph of the reservoir; and then, formulating dispatching modes when the water level of the reservoir is in different areas including an area above the dead water level and below the limiting flood level, an area above the limiting flood level and below a lower dispatching line, an area above the lower dispatching line and below an upper dispatching line, an area above the upper dispatching line and below flood-fighting line, and the like, according to the ecological dispatching graph of the reservoir. The ecological water requirements are added into the traditional ecological dispatching graph, and the ecological dispatching graph is used for instructing the dispatching modes, therefore, the ecological dispatching of the reservoir is more practical and can be applied more easily.

The invention discloses a tidal-reach ecological-environment water demand amount calculation method. Requirements of a tidal reach for maintaining basic river ecological-environment functions and satisfying water-salt balance, percolating recharging and river dilution and self-purification functions are considered on the basis of clarifying a tidal-reach ecological-environment water demand amountconcept, and composition of tidal-reach ecological-environment water demand amounts is clearly defined; an ecological-environment water demand amount model of the tidal reach on the basis of water quality consideration is constructed, and an ecological-environment water demand amount of the tidal reach on the basis of water quality consideration is calculated; an ecological-environment water demand amount model of the tidal reach on the basis of silt scouring and harbor protection consideration is constructed, and an ecological-environment water demand amount on the basis of silt scouring andharbor protection consideration is calculated; a basic riverway ecology water demand amount demanded by the tidal reach is determined on the basis of long-series flow data; and finally, a riverway ecological-environment water demand amount of the tidal reach of a coastal area is determined through comparing the ecological-environment water demand amount demanded by the tidal riverway in consideration of a water quality factor and the ecological-environment water demand amount demanded in consideration of silt scouring and harbor protection.

The invention discloses a water resource configuration method facing river channel ecological water requirement. The method comprises the following steps: in a water resource configuration model, a river ecological water requirement section is defined as an ecological unit; a relation between a water resource and the ecological unit is built; the constraint of the water resource configuration model is met; a virtual reservoir is set near the upstream of the ecological unit to form the water resource configuration model facing ecological regulation; the water consumption of the ecological unitis 0; the capacity of the virtual reservoir is 0; and in the ecological regulation process, the water resource configuration model facing ecological regulation regulates according to the following rules: the discharge water quantity of the upstream reservoir and the section gathering currents both enter the virtual reservoir; the inflowing quantity is firstly used for supplying water to the ecological unit, and redundant water is discharged; and if the water supply of the ecological unit is insufficient, a water regulation instruction is sent to the upstream reservoir for ecological water supply. The method realizes multi-purpose long-series simulation process, meets the demands of different water use objects, and achieves important significance on development of comprehensive reclamationof river basins and on formulation of basin ecological water supply schemes on the planning aspect.

The invention puts forward an urban tidal river reach ecological water demand prediction method based on a neural network, and belongs to the field of ecological hydrology. The method comprises the following steps that: firstly, carrying out statistics on the monthly seawater salinity and sea-entering water quantity of the estuary of the urban tidal river reach in multiple years to obtain the monthly salt balance water demand of the river reach and establish the monthly salt balance water demand prediction network of the urban tidal river reach; then, independently obtaining the monthly average rain capacity, average sea surface temperature, total sewage discharge amount and ecological water demand of the river reach, and establishing the monthly ecological water demand prediction network of the urban tidal river reach; and independently obtaining the prediction value of the monthly total sewage discharge amount, the monthly sea-entering water quality prediction value and the monthly average rain capacity prediction value of the river reach in certain year in the future, inputting into the ecological water demand prediction network, and outputting the ecological water demand prediction result of the urban tidal river reach under different conditions. By use of the method, the special properties of the urban tidal river reach are comprehensively considered, a practical situation is conformed, the change situation of the river reach ecological water demand in the future is predicted, and a reference is provided for a decision department.

The invention relates to a method for determining the amount of available surface water of a river basin facing to the protection of a river ecosystem, which comprises the following steps: firstly determining the minimum ecological water requirement of a river, selecting an AAPFD index to measure the disturbance degree of hydrological regime of the river, establishing reservoir operation rules which combine a reservoir operation curve with ecological flow operation rules, then applying the genetic algorithm to optimize three optimization variables of parameters of the reservoir operation curve, applicable ecological discharge flow of a reservoir in each month and monthly planned water supply amount of the river basin on the basis of ensuring the minimum ecological water requirement of the reservoir and the disturbance of the hydrological regime of the river in the acceptable range, and obtaining the maximum amount of available water supply, that is the amount of available surface water of the river basin. The method can fully ensure the health of the river ecosystem, simultaneously overcome the shortcoming that the traditional calculation method can not precisely calculate the amount of unavailable flood discharge during the flood season and more accurately determine the amount of available surface water of the river basin.

The invention provides a riverway ecological runoff process evaluation method based on matter element analysis. The method comprises the steps that multiple existing methods are used for calculating and studying ecological flows of a drainage basin in all months, and the ecological flows are used for forming different ecological runoff processes; evaluation levels and division standards of the ecological runoff processes are determined; according to the ecological flows of all the months, matter elements to be evaluated are constructed, and according to the determined evaluation standards, classical domain matter elements and joint domain matter elements are constructed; the weight of all the evaluation indices is determined; the relevancy degree of all the evaluation indexes to all the evaluation levels and the comprehensive relevancy degree of all the evaluation levels are calculated, and the evaluation levels are determined according to the comprehensive relevancy degree; according to the evaluation levels, of the ecological runoff processes, calculated and obtained through different methods, and combined with the ecological water requirements of the studied drainage basin, the ecological runoff processes are determined comprehensively. The method constructs the evaluation standards of the ecological runoff processes, can conduct objective evaluation on the ecological runoff processes, is a new method for inquiring into the riverway ecological runoff processes, and also provides technical supports for ecological remediation of a downstream dewatering stream of a hydropower station.

The present invention provides a probability weighting FDC method-based river ecological water demand calculation method. The method comprises the steps of performing frequency analysis on runoff data series, and dividing an annual average runoff series and a monthly average runoff series into a flood season group, an ordinary season group and a dry season group; building a daily flow duration curve for the flood season group, the ordinary season group and the dry season group of each month, selecting flows corresponding to 90% durations as ecological water demand, and calculating monthly ecological water demand of an initial typical year of the flood season, the ordinary season and the dry season; building joint distribution of annual and monthly water probability by using a Copula function, and calculating a probability weight; and calculating monthly ecological water demand of a final typical year of the flood season, the ordinary season and the dry season by using the calculated monthly ecological water demand of the initial typical year of the flood season, the ordinary season and the dry season and the probability weight. A new technological solution is provided for quantitative analysis of the river ecological water demand, the probability weight concept and the calculation method are raised for the first time, and a more reasonable river ecological water demand result is obtained on the basis of a flow duration curve method by calculating condition probabilities of annual and monthly flood seasons, ordinary seasons and dry seasons.

The invention discloses a method for preparing production, living and ecological water for an inland river basin in an arid area. The method comprises the following steps of calculating the basic ecological environment water demand of the river, the areas of different ecological protection ranges, the vegetation ecological water demand of different ecological protection ranges, the water demand of different river target ecological environments, the analysis of the river runoff volume on the river target ecological environment water demand and the optimal configuration of the production and living ecological water. On the premise of meeting the total water consumption of the river basin production and domestic surface water, whether the remaining water amount in the past year can meet the basic ecological environment water demand and river loss of a river and the target ecological environment water demand of the river is determined, a scheme of mutually coordinating the production, living and ecological water of the inland river basin in the arid area is provided, and the reasonable configuration and efficient utilization of the water resources are achieved.

The invention relates to a method for calculating ecological water demands in urban rivers, lakes and belongs to the technical field of ecological treatment of rivers and can be applied to the fieldsof water environment treatment and ecological environment protection. The method depends on the requirement of barrage construction engineering in urban water system building process, certain stable river width and reservoir capacity are formed after water hamming, and rivers are mainly characterized by problems such as small river confluence area, insufficient incoming river water, non-uniform spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, low water pollution carrying capacity and weak ecological environment. In the aspect of ecological environment, the river ecological environment water demand refers to the minimum water quantity required for river ecological systems to improve the river ecological environment quality or maintain ecological environment quality to prevent further reduction and the minimum base flow accommodated by the ecological systems under the water quantity. In general, certain micro flows of rivers can be further guaranteed in combination with current water environment river construction on the basis that river evaporation leakage is guaranteed.

The invention provides a method for calculating estuary ecological water demand based on ecological environment simulation, aiming at the problems that estuary ecological water demand calculation method requires large amount of data and the calculation method is difficult to be widely applied. The method has the following steps of determining an estuary ecological water demand target according tothe index requirement of estuary biological indicator to salinity of key biological habitat; establishing a spatial and temporal distribution model of the estuary water body salinity under combined action of runoff and tidal current; modeling the corresponding relationship of habit salinity to runoff input change; and determining the estuary ecological water demand amount based on estuary ecological environment simulation and the ecological water demand target. In the invention, influence on spatial and temporal distribution of the estuary biological habit saline can be realized by simulatingrunoff and tidal current, while key technology support for estuary biological water demand guarantee and ecological restoration can be provided by quantitatively calculating estuary ecological water demand according to limited field monitoring data.

The embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining the ecological water demand of a riverway. The method comprises the steps: determining a riverway section which is a section capable of obtaining the natural flow of the section in preset time; according to the section natural flow of the river channel section within the preset time, obtaining the target time flow of the river channel section; according to the suitability level of the river channel ecological water demand and the target time flow, determining the target time section ecological flow of the river channel section under different suitability levels corresponding to the target time; and determining the flow of the ecological water demand at least based on the ecological flow of the target time section. Accordingto the method for determining the ecological water demand of the riverway provided by the embodiment of the invention, the accuracy of determining the ecological water demand of the riverway can be improved, and the effect of ecological maintenance of the riverway is improved.

The invention discloses a method for calculating an ecological water demand quantity of a whole river reach. The method comprises the steps of dividing the whole river reach into a plurality of areas; calculating nonconsumptive water demand quantity and consumptive water demand quantity in the areas; taking the maximum value of the calculated nonconsumptive water demand quantity corresponding to a plurality of hydrometric stations as the nonconsumptive water demand quantity of the whole river reach; adding up the calculated consumptive water demand quantity corresponding to the plurality of hydrometric stations, and taking a result as the consumptive water demand quantity of the whole river reach; and adding up the nonconsumptive water demand quantity of the whole river reach and the consumptive water demand quantity of the whole river reach and taking the result as the ecological water demand quantity of the whole river reach. According to the method for calculating the ecological water demand quantity of the whole river reach provided by the embodiment of the invention, the nonconsumptive water demand quantity and the consumptive water demand quantity of the hydrometric stations are calculated, the maximum value of the nonconsumptive water demand quantity of the hydrometric stations is extracted, the consumptive water demand quantity is added up and the two parts are added up to obtain the ecological water demand quantity, so the water demand quantity of upper and lower intervals is prevented from being calculated repeatedly, and a calculation result is relatively accurate.

The invention discloses an effective reservoir storage capacity determining method meeting the requirements of human and ecology, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, determining key parameter values (a planned ecological flow rate in a flood period, a starting point of a high-pulse flow rate and a minimum ecological water requirement) of an ecological flow rate required by a river, dividing an inflow current into four intervals according to an inflow current rate of a reservoir, and taking different ecological flow rate processes when the flow rate is within different intervals so as to meet the requirements on different ecological flow rates in different flow rate periods; secondly, through analogue computation, determining a maximum available water supply supplied to the human under the condition of meeting the planned ecological flow rate process; and finally, selecting the planned water supply in the range of the available water supply, and combining the planned water supply with the planned ecological flow rate process to obtain the effective reservoir storage capacity simultaneously meeting the requirements of the planned water supply and the planned ecological flow rate through a sequent-peak algorithm meeting the requirements of human and ecological water supply. Through the effective reservoir storage capacity determining method, planned water supply can be supplied to the human and the ecological flow rate needed by a river ecosystem can be supplied according to the human water needs and ecological water needs simultaneously, and the health of the river ecosystem is effectively protected.

The invention relates to an intuitive analysis method of an ecological water demand monthly scale on the basis of a water demand for sediment transport. Requirements on environmental elements by water demand for sediment transport which has a most prominent contradiction on ecological and production water demand are used as a representative month ecological target, a representative month ecological water demand is determined, the yearly time change rate of average natural runoff volume of multiple years is adopted as a yearly time change target of the ecological water demand, finally, the month-by-month change difference of the ecological water demand is finally determined, and the month-by-month change difference requirement of the ecological water demand is intuitively analyzed. The intuitive analysis method avoids redundish calculation workload and data quantity demands, and effectively realizes a purpose of the intuitive analysis of the ecological water demand monthly scale difference.

The invention discloses a method for measuring the ecological water demand of a degraded wetland based on water level gradients, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the raw data of a predetermined area, wherein the raw data comprises terrain data, a land use type map and meteorological data, and the meteorological data includes temperature, air pressure, wind speed and total surface radiation quantity data; setting sample sites under different water level gradients, selecting targets species, measuring vegetation data, carrying out sample survey to obtain vegetation parameters, wherein the vegetation parameters includes a vegetation height, vegetation coverage and a leaf area index; carrying out the linear interpolating of the measured vegetation parameters to obtain annual vegetation parameter data; determining a water level threshold suitable for vegetation growth under different water level gradient conditions based on vegetation parameter data and the plant; obtaining the vegetation distribution data under different water level gradient conditions based on the water level threshold and the topographic data and land use type map of the predetermined area, measuring the annual potential evapotranspiration, and obtaining the ecological water demand of the degraded wetland based on water level gradients.

The invention provides a method suitable for multi-source water quality and quantity regulation of small watershed rivers, belonging to the technical field of environmental hydraulics. The method firstly collects the long series of daily and monthly water quality data of different adjustable water sources, and defines the water quality situation of different years and different periods of the diverted water sources; Then the coupling model of distributed hydrodynamics and water quality in small watershed is established by using EFDC model. Then the objective function of genetic algorithm modelfor multi-source dispatching is set according to the requirements of water diversion. The water restriction of diverted water source and ecological water requirement are further determined. Adoptingthe mathematical model of genetic algorithm, the allocation scheme set of water transfer quantity in different years and different periods is established. The EFDC distributed hydrodynamic and water quality model is used to simulate the changes of water quantity and water quality under different water diversion schemes. Finally, the best water transfer quantity in different years and different periods is selected. This method can realize the multi-source dispatching with the best water quality, the smallest economic cost and the most economical water resources after water transfer.

The invention discloses a calculation method for the ecological water requirement of an affected plain area river network, and provides a river ecological water requirement calculation method suitable for the affected plain area river network and constructed based on attached diatom indicative characters. The method includes the steps that survey spot positions and survey frequency are determined first; an attached diatom integrality index and a threshold value interval in a river network region are determined secondly; the quantitative analysis relation between the attached diatom integrality index of survey spots and a monthly averaged river flow rate measured actually is set up, and ecological flow rate control values in a river channel for maintaining different target ecological flow rates are determined correspondingly according to the threshold value interval of the attached diatom integrality index; according to flow cross sections determined by the different ecological flow rate control values and the annual average month-by month water level of the river channel, ecological flow rates for maintaining different healthy targets in the river channel, of all months are determined. Key technology support can be provided for determining a corresponding ecological water requirement control target for river ecological health maintenance and water conservancy project regulation and control of the plain river network area greatly affected by human activities.

The invention discloses a flooded marsh plant ecological water demand calculation method based on in-situ evapotranspiration monitoring, relates to a flooded marsh plant ecological water demand calculation method and aims at solving the technical problems that in an existing ecological water demand estimation method, the demands for continuous ecological function indexes and hydrological series data of wet land are large, and model parameters are more and difficult to determine, and especially in a hierarchical calculation method, the dependency on basic data information such as ecological system composition and properties is high, and weight assignment is difficult. The method comprises the steps that 1, the everyday evapotranspiration amount of a flooded marsh plant in an evaporation barrel is monitored and recorded in the whole growing season; 2, the annual ecological water demand of the flooded marsh plant to be measured is calculated. According to the method, the evaporation barrel can be arranged for various wetland plant types at all kinds of the plant coverage to achieve ecological water demand monitoring estimation of partition units. The method is applied to calculation of the flooded marsh plant ecological water demand.

The invention discloses a method for quantificationally measuring forest land vegetation ecosystem water demand based on evapotranspiration. The method comprises the following steps of (1) forest landvegetation acreage determination; (2) potential evaporation determination; (3) vegetation coefficient determination, wherein the ratio of water demand to the potential evaporation determination is determined according to a vegetation type; (4) soil moisture correction coefficient determination, wherein a soil moisture correction coefficient is determined according to a forest land vegetation sitecondition difference; (5) forest land vegetation ecosystem water demand quota determination; and (6) forest land vegetation ecosystem water demand quantum calculation. The method for quantificationally measuring the forest land vegetation ecosystem water demand based on the evapotranspiration has the advantages that a vegetation coefficient and a soil moisture coefficient are used for the correction of the forest land vegetation ecosystem water demand, the influence of vegetation type, site condition and other factors on the forest land preparation main water consumption item is effectively reduced, the forest land vegetation ecosystem water storage is measured quantificationally, and the method has important significance for region water resource management and ecological environmental protection.