The invention discloses a quick prediction method for permanent deformation of an asphalt road surface, based on all-temperature-region temperature distribution. The year temperature distribution frequency in a set year and the average permanent deformation capacity in a temperature region are used as basic parameters, according to the formula (as shown in the description), the permanent deformation capacity of an asphalt layer of the asphalt road surface in a designed year is obtained through calculation, and the calculation formula of the average permanent deformation capacity in the temperature region is f=a*N+c; and considering permanent deformation regularities of asphalt mix materials of different loads under different temperature conditions and superposition of the permanent deformation regularities, a thought of zoning, classifying and layering, namely a thought of temperature zoning, axle load classifying and road surface layering is introduced, and a permanent deformation calculating method of inverse calculation of accumulated effect frequency of superimposed load is established, so that a new manner is provided for quick prediction of the permanent deformation of the asphalt road surface under all-temperature-region condition, complete cover and overall process evaluation of the temperature and the axle load can be realized, the analysis result is closer to practice, the accuracy is high, and the applying range is wide.