139 results about "Positively charged particle" patented technology

An electrophoretic display device including a first substrate, a second substrate, an electrophoretic material interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the electrophoretic material including a positively charged particle and a negatively charged particle, a common electrode provided on the second substrate, a pixel provided at an intersection of a signal line and a scan line, the pixel provided in a plural number and arranged in matrix on the first substrate. The electrophoretic display device further including a pixel electrode provided in the pixel, a capacitor line provided in the pixel, a storage capacitor provided in the pixel, and a second electrode of the storage capacitor being coupled to a storage capacitor line and a thin film transistor (TFT) provided in the pixel, a source electrode of the TFT being coupled to a first electrode of the storage capacitor and the pixel electrode, a drain electrode of the TFT being coupled to the signal line, and a gate electrode of the TFT being coupled to the scan line. A capacitor line low select signal VSL or a capacitor line non-select signal VSC having a higher electric potential than an electric potential of the capacitor line low select signal VSL is supplied to the storage capacitor line.

A flood gun 10 for charge neutralization of an analysis region R_a of a sample S downstream of the flood gun, comprising: a first source 30 of electrons; a second source 50 of positively charged particles; and an extraction and focusing assembly 60,64, arranged to: (i) extract a first, electron beam from the first source and focus the first beam to a first flood area A_e at the analysis region; and (ii) extract a second, positive particle beam from the second source and focus the second beam to a second flood area A_i at the analysis region. The electron beam and the positive particle beam may both be extracted and focused simultaneously, in a single mode of operation or, alternately, in a dual mode of operation. A corresponding method of providing charge neutralization and a spectroscopic system for secondary particle emission analysis are disclosed.

A particle removal apparatus for removing particles from a chamber of a plasma processing apparatus, wherein the chamber is connected to a gas exhaust port and a plasma of a processing gas is generated in the chamber to plasma process a substrate to be processed, includes a particle charging control member for positively charging particles generated within the chamber by positive ions of an ion sheath region formed in a region other than the vicinity of the substrate to be processed, wherein positively charged particles are discharged from the chamber via the gas exhaust port. Therefore, there is no plasma disturbance or metal contamination, and thus can be applied to a practical use.

An aerosol particle spectrometer utilizes a high voltage central electrode and a series of annular, axially arranged collector electrodes maintained at ground, for collecting positively charged particles suspended in an aerosol flowing between the electrodes. Each collector electrode provides current to an integrating electrometer including circuitry that rapidly charges and discharges the integrating capacitor during a brief reset cycle, to generate accurate particle characterizing information based on low currents, with high bandwidth and high dynamic range, virtually in real time.

The invention comprises a method for generating a procedure for treating a tumor of a patient using positively charged particles, comprising the steps of: (1) providing a set of treatment goal specifications; (2) generating tomographic images of the tumor using a first set of groups of the positively charge particles delivered from a synchrotron; and (3) a computer implemented algorithm automatically generating a tumor radiation treatment plan, of the tumor using the positively charged particles, using the set of treatment goal specifications and the tomographic images. Optionally, the method automatically updates the radiation treatment plan upon: a detected movement of the tumor relative to surrounding patient constituents and/or upon detection of a previously unforeseen intervening object in a treatment beam path.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for directing positively charged particles, comprising the steps of: (1) directing the positively charged particles along a beamline; (2) rotating a cantilevered rotatable gantry arm, both connected to a rotatable gantry support and supporting the beamline, about a horizontal rotation axis of the rotatable gantry support; and (3) countering torque, of at least the cantilevered rotatable gantry arm, about the rotation axis using a counterweight connected to the rotatable gantry support. Optionally, the gantry movement is used as part of rotating the rotatable gantry arm three hundred sixty degrees around an inner gantry arm side motion defined volume, which allows access to one side of a treatment room and the gantry arc swept volume, such as for entrance, mounting a patient positioning system, and/or for a ground based support structure.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for treating a tumor, comprising the steps of: (1) a main controller implementing an initial radiation treatment plan, as a current radiation treatment plan, using positively charged particles delivered from a synchrotron, along a beam transport line, through a nozzle system proximate the treatment room, and into the tumor; (2) concurrent with the step of implementing, imaging the tumor, such as with protons, to generate a current image; (3) upon detection of movement of the tumor relative to surrounding constituents of the patient using the current image, the main controller, using computer implemented code, automatically generating an updated treatment plan, the updated treatment plan becoming the current radiation treatment plan; and (4) repeating the steps of implementing, imaging, and generating an updated treatment plan at least n times, where n is a positive integer of at least one.

A lithographic projection apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a radiation system to transmit a beam of radiation emitted from a radiation source, and a support structure constructed to hold a patterning structure to be irradiated by the beam. A substrate holder is constructed to hold a substrate, and a projection system is constructed and arranged to project an irradiated portion of the patterning structure onto a target portion of the substrate. A first screen is positioned in a path of the beam between the radiation system and an optical element and a positive voltage is applied to the first screen to repel positively charged particles away from the optical element. A second screen is positioned in the path of the beam on at least one side of the first screen, and a negative voltage is applied to the second screen to repel negative particles away from the first screen.

An imaging system apparatus and method of use thereof is described in combination with a co-movable charged particle beamline apparatus element, such as one or more elements held and dynamically positioned by a gantry, where the method and apparatus are optionally elements of a positively charged particle cancer therapy system. In one embodiment, an X-ray imaging element is rigidly and semi-permanently attached to and co-moved with a proton directing element. For example, as the gantry relocates one or more elements of a proton beamline arc, the X-ray beam is mechanically forced to co-relocate with the proton directing element and/or the final proton beam path.

The invention comprises an apparatus and method of use thereof for using a single patient position during, optionally simultaneous, X-ray imaging and positively charged particle imaging, where imaging a tumor of a patient using X-rays and positively charged particles comprises the steps of: (1) generating an X-ray image using the X-rays directed from an X-ray source, through the patient, and to an X-ray detector, (2) generating a positively charged particle image: (a) using the positively charged particles directed from an exit nozzle, through the patient, through the X-ray detector, and to a scintillator, the scintillator emitting photons when struck by the positively charged particles and (b) generating the positively charged particle image of the tumor using a photon detector configured to detect the emitted photons, where the X-ray detector maintains a position between said the nozzle and the scintillator during the step of generating a positively charged particle image.

A gas/liquid contact media for use in an evaporative cooler has a fibrous material structure impregnated with a polymer-based continuous phase designed to have solubility and interfacial tension properties that promote intimate wetting with in service water while inhibiting scale deposition, and an overall cationic charge on the polymer to repel positively charged particles or ions in the water in order to further prevent scale build-up on the media.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for imaging and treating a tumor of a patient using positively charged particles and X-rays. A mounting rail, supporting a scintillation detection system element and an X-ray detection system element, is alternatingly extended/retracted to position the required detection system element opposite a patient tumor position from an exit nozzle of a beam transport system connected to an accelerator of the positively charged particles, where the positively charged particles are alternatingly used to treat the tumor via irradiation. The mounting rail optionally rotates with rotation of the exit nozzle about the patient, such as with rotation of a support gantry.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for using a multi-layer multi-color scintillation based detector element to image a tumor of a patient using a process of determining residual energies of positively charged particles after passing through the patient, the process comprising the steps of: (1) transmitting the positively charged particles at known energies through the patient and into a multi-layer detector element; (2) detecting first and second secondary photons, resultant from passage of the positively charged particles, respectively from a first layer of a first scintillation material and a second layer of a second scintillation material at two respective layer depths, where the first wavelength range differs from the second wavelength range; (4) determining residual energies of the positively charged particles, using output from the step of detecting; and (5) relating the residual energies to body densities to generate an image.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for proton treatment of a tumor, comprising the steps of a central control system: (1) receiving an initial cancer treatment irradiation plan; (2) directing a treatment of the tumor using the positively charged particles; (3) during a treatment session and after the step of directing the treatment of the tumor, receiving imaging input from an imaging system; (4) generating an updated cancer treatment irradiation plan using the imaging input; (5) continuing the treatment session using the updated cancer treatment irradiation plan; and (6) optionally, while the patient remains in the treatment room and under approval of a medical professional not in line of sight of the patient, repeating at least three times the steps of: receiving imaging input from the imaging system; generating an updated cancer treatment irradiation plan; and continuing the treatment session using the updated cancer treatment irradiation plan.

The invention relates to a sewage treating agent, particularly an industrial sewage treating agent suitable for sewage treatment. The industrial sewage treating agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25-40 parts of polyaluminum chloride, 0.5-1.5 parts of PAM (polyacrylamide) assistant, 2-5 parts of sodium chloride, 0.1-0.5 part of copperas and 15-20 parts of bentonite. The invention is especially suitable for treating suspended-particle-containing coarse high-concentration neutral or alkaline industrial sewage with positively charged particles, and has the advantages of high flocculation and purification speed, favorable effect, environmental protection and no toxicity.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for scanning charged particles in a cancer therapy system, comprising the steps of: (1) providing a first and second dipole magnet system and a gap, the gap comprising a common gap length, along a path of the charged particles, within both the first and second dipole magnet systems, the gap comprising a progressively increasing x/y-plane cross-section area from an entrance area of the charged particles into the double dipole magnet system to an exit area of the double dipole magnet system, the x/y-plane perpendicular to a z-axis from a center of the entrance area to a center of the exit area; (2) scanning the positively charged particles along a first axis of the x/y-plane using the first dipole magnet system; and (3) scanning the positively charged particles along a second axis of the x/y-plane using the second dipole magnet system.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for determining state of a positively charged particle, such as a proton, for use in imaging a tumor of a patient prior to and/or concurrent with cancer therapy. The imaging system comprises: (1) a beam transport path of the positively charged particle sequentially passing through a patient, through a first time of flight detector, and, after traversing a pathlength, at least into a second time of flight detector and (2) a beam state determination system configured to: use elapsed time between detection at the first and second time of flight detectors and the pathlength to determine a residual beam energy, which, when compared to a known incident beam energy, is used in generation of an image of the tumor. An optional beam energy degrading element increases time differences between the time of flight detectors.

The present invention describes an apparatus comprising a mask; a pellicle spacer, the pellicle spacer attached to the mask; and an electrostatic pellicle system, the electrostatic pellicle system attached to the pellicle spacer.

The present invention further describes a method of keeping contaminants away from a vicinity of a mask during exposure, the contaminants including an uncharged or neutral particle, a positively-charged particle, or a negatively-charged particle, comprising: inducing a positive or negative charge on the uncharged or neutral particle; attracting the positively-charged particle with a negatively-charged electric field; and attracting the negatively-charged particle with a positively-charged electric field.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for probing a tumor of a patient using positively charged particles, comprising the steps of: (1) sequentially delivering sets of varied and known positively charged particles to a patient; (2) after transmission through the patient, sequentially detecting a residual energy of each of the sets of positively charged particles; and (3) determining a water equivalent thickness of a probed path of the patient using a plot of the detector response as a function of residual energy that is fit with a curve. The analyzer relates a half maximum of the fit curve, such as a Gaussian curve, to the water equivalent thickness of the sampled beam path. Repeated measurements as a function of incident angle and/or position of the incident charged particles allows generation of an image of the sample, such as a computed tomography image.

The invention comprises a method for treating a tumor of a patient with positively charged particles in a treatment room, comprising the steps of: (1) controlling a cancer therapy treatment system with a main controller, the main controller comprising hardware and software; (2) generating at least one image of the tumor using at least one imaging system controlled by the main controller; (3) using the at least one image and a software coded set of radiation treatment directives, the main controller auto-generating a radiation treatment plan; and (4) the main controller auto-delivering the positively charged particles, via a beam transport system and a nozzle system, from a synchrotron to the tumor according to the radiation treatment plan.

Electrophoretic particles and dielectrophoretic particles are included together in a unit pixel. Each of the electrophoretic particles and the dielectrophoretic particles includes two kinds of particles having different electric properties. The electrophoretic particles include positively charged particles and negatively charged particles. The dielectrophoretic particles include particles having low dielectric constant and particles having high dielectric constant. A first electric field for moving the electrophoretic particles and a second electric field for moving the dielectrophoretic particles are applied to the unit pixel. The second electric field has an asymmetric gradient in the direction where the dielectrophoretic particles move to determine movement directions of the dielectrophoretic particles having different dielectric constants.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for imaging a tumor of a patient using one or more imaging systems positionable about the tumor and treating the tumor using positively charged particles, such as: (1) using a rotatable gantry support to support and rotate a section of a positively charged particle beam transport line about a rotation axis and a tumor of a patient; (2) using a rotatable and optionally extendable secondary support to support, circumferentially position, and laterally position a primary and optional secondary imaging system about the tumor; (3) image the tumor using the primary and optional secondary imaging system as a function of rotation and/or translation of the secondary support; and (4) treat, optionally concurrently with imaging, the tumor using the positively charged particles as a function of circumferential position of the section of the charged particle beam about the tumor.