The invention relates to the field of radiolocation direction-finding systems, and aims to provide a single-channel radiolocation direction-finding system and a direction-finding method thereof to reduce cost and improve direction-finding accuracy. The single-channel radiolocation direction-finding system is characterized by comprising a direction-finding antenna array, a single-channel receiver with the functions of filtration, amplification, frequency conversion and amplitude limitation, and a direction-finding microprocessor for A/D sampling and digital signal processing, wherein the direction-finding antenna array mainly comprises N identical antenna units which are arranged on the circumference of a concentric circle, wherein N is greater than or equal to 3; and each antenna unit is connected with the single-channel receiver through a radio-frequency electronic switch. The invention utilizes a single-channel radio direction-finding technology combined with a phase interference method and a Doppler direction-finding principle, and only needs one single-channel receiver with the functions of filtration, amplification, frequency conversion and amplitude limitation, thereby reducing the complexity and the cost of equipment, improving reliability, reducing the calculated amount of back-end signal processing, and improving direction-finding accuracy.