The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety production, and discloses a coal mine underground personnel unsafe behavior identification method comprising the following steps: 1, carrying out alcohol detection on personnel entering a well; step 2, checking articles carried by the personnel entering the well and clothes worn by the personnel entering the well; the method comprises the following steps of 1, acquiring a plurality of frames of continuous images of a plurality of preset unsafe behaviors through personnel simulation, 2, detecting image information in the step 3, and extracting posture characteristics of personnel in the images, and 3, constructing and extracting undirected skeleton behavior characteristics capable of describing human body behaviors, step 6, analyzing and classifying the behavior characteristics in the step 5, and step 7, shooting and comparing the behavior images of the underground personnel, and performing background alarm according to the comparison result. Through the method, the unsafe behaviors of the underground personnel can be identified in real time, the identification effect is good, the requirements of background monitoring personnel are reduced, and the safety of coal mine production is effectively improved.