The invention relates to organic inorganic composite hydrogel capable of removing a heavy metal from water body. The composite hydrogel consists of sodium alginate, ammonium alginate or alginic acid, acrylamide, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, attapulgite, bentonite or kaolin clay, and is prepared according to a cross-linking polymerization method, wherein the crosslinking agent adopts methylene bisacrylamide, and the initiator adopts ammonium persulfate, potassium peroxodisulfate or azodiisobutyronitrile. The whole preparation process is conducted in an aqueous solution, and the preparation method is simple, does not need special process equipment, and is low in energy consumption, low in production cost, environmentally friendly and easy in industrialization. The desorption process of the hydrogel is simple, low in energy consumption, low in production cost, environmentally friendly and easy in industrialization, and has high adsorption quantity on divalent lead ions, divalent cadmium ions and divalent copper ions and little influence of acidity and alkalinity. An adsorbent which adsorbs heavy metal ions can absorb heavy metal ions again after the heavy metal ions are removed from the adsorbent by taking hydrochloric acid as a desorbent, so that high renewability and cyclicity are achieved.