The invention discloses a hydro governor parameter optimization method based on the fuzzy self-adaptive DFPSO algorithm. The method comprises the steps of (1), establishing a hydroturbine regulating system mathematical model; (2), determining a fitness function of the fuzzy self-adaptive DFPSO algorithm; (3), implementing fuzziness setting on the speed inertia factor of the algorithm, wherein the linearly-decreasing inertia factor and the current particle optimal performance evaluation index are input fuzzily; (4), calculating the fitness values of particles, maintaining the individual optimal values and the global optimal values of the particles and updating the speeds and positions of the particles; (5), carrying out gene crossover between the particles when the crossover condition is met; (6), judging whether the end condition is met, stopping gene crossover and outputting the optimal value when the end condition is met, and implementing the steps (4) to (6) when the end condition is not met. According to the invention, a system can have good dynamic property on the conditions of frequency disturbance and loading disturbance, small overshoot, short stabilization time and short adjustment time.