The anesthesia instrument storage device comprises a supporting frame and a box body, the box body is detachably arranged on the supporting frame, the upper portion of the box body is covered with a cover plate, storage boxes are arranged on the two sides of the box body in a telescopic mode, a connecting rod assembly is arranged in the box body, the connecting rod assembly comprises a trigger rod and connecting rods on the two sides, and the trigger rod is connected with the storage boxes. The upper portion of the trigger rod can abut against the closed cover plate and can be separated from the opened cover plate, the ends, close to the trigger rod, of the connecting rods on the two sides are rotationally connected with the lower portion of the trigger rod at the same time, the ends, away from the trigger rod, of the connecting rods on the two sides are rotationally connected with the storage boxes on the two sides respectively, and a lock hook is arranged on the edge of the cover plate. A lock body matched with the lock hook is arranged on the inner side wall of the box body. According to the storage device, all the storage spaces can be opened through one action, anesthesia instruments can be conveniently taken and used, the time for operating the storage device can be greatly saved, and the rescue time is prolonged for first-aid personnel.