The invention discloses on-line quenching and plate shape controlling technology for a 12 MnNiVR steel plate, comprising: a blank material cold installation step, a de-scaling step, a rough rolling step, a finish rolling step, a pre-straightening step and an on-line quenching step; wherein in the on-line quenching step, the steel plate enters a ultrafast cooling system with 18 groups of cooling headers, the ultrafast cooling system sets a water flow amount based on the steel plate target thickness, sets an area roller-way speed being 0.7-1.2m/s, sets a roller-way acceleration being 0.003-0.01m/s2, controls a cooling start temperature being 790-740 DEG C, and controlling a cooling final temperature being 180-270 DEG C, and the steel plate departs from the ultrafast cooling system when a cooling final temperature is 180-270 DEG C. The technology provided by the invention raises cooling uniformity, cooling efficiency and once plate shape qualified rate of an on-line quenched steel plate, simplifies a thermal refining technology flow of 12MnNiVR, and finally raises economic benefit of enterprises.