54results about How to "Good scattering properties" patented technology

A light-diffusing optical fiber with a light-guiding core having a plurality of elongated glass rods each oriented substantially parallel with each other and with the length of the optical fiber. The fiber also includes a cladding surrounding the glass core, the cladding having a refractive index similar to, or lower than, a refractive index of the glass core. The light-guiding core includes a plurality of gaps formed between the plurality of elongated glass rods, the plurality of gaps scattering light away from the light-guiding core and through the cladding.

The invention provides a wideband radar cross-section reduction slot array antenna based on hybrid super-surface. The antenna comprises a lower dielectric plate (1) and an upper dielectric plate (2),wherein second and third dielectric plates (3, 4) are sequentially and closely attached above the upper dielectric plate, and fourth, fifth and sixth dielectric plates (5, 6, 7) are sequentially placed at different intervals above the third dielectric plate; the upper surfaces of the second and third dielectric plates are respectively printed with L-shaped metal patch units (31, 41) in checkerboard type arrangement; the lower surface of the fourth dielectric plate is respectively printed with an impedance structure (51) and a metal patch unit (52) in checkerboard type arrangement; the lower surface of the fifth dielectric plate (6) is printed with a plurality of strip metal patches (61); and the upper and lower surfaces of the sixth dielectric panel (7) are respectively printed with the metal patch unit (52) and the impedance structure (51) in checkerboard type arrangement. The wideband radar cross-section reduction slot array antenna has good scattering characteristics and realizes effective reduction of the cross-band single-station and double-station radar cross sections in the slot array antenna.

The invention discloses a low-radar-section slot array antenna based on a holographic surface. The defects that according to the conventional slot array antenna, the radar section is high, and the characteristics of radiation and scattering are hardly to be simultaneously provided are mainly overcome. The low-radar-section slot array antenna comprises the holographic surface (1), a holographic medium plate (2), a radiation floor (3), a radiation medium plate (4), a feeding network (5), a reflection medium plate (6), and a metal reflecting plate (7), the holographic surface (1) printed on the upper surface of the holographic medium plate (2) is formed by four square metal patches with different side lengths arranged in a periodic manner from the center and from the long to the short then to the long in a cycling manner, four rectangular slots (15) and rectangular through holes (21) are respectively arranged near central positions of the holographic surface (1) and the holographic medium plate (2), the positions of the rectangular through holes (21) correspond to the positions of the rectangular slots (15), the dimensions of the rectangular slots (15) and the rectangular through holes (21) are equal, and three medium plates are tightly bonded from top to bottom. According to the low-radar-section slot array antenna, the radiation characteristic is stable, the scattering characteristic is high, and the low-radar-section slot array antenna can be applied to the communication field with the requirement of scattering and radiation characteristics.

The invention provides an antenna radiation-scattering integrated microstrip array antenna, and aims to simplify the structure of an array antenna while ensuring a good radiation characteristic and agood scattering characteristic. The microstrip array antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a metal ground (2) printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and equal numbers offirst radiation patches (3) and second radiation patches (4) printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1). Annular slits (31) having openings are etched on the first radiation patches. The first radiation patches (3) are connected to a first coaxial line (5) penetrating through the dielectric substrate (1). A metal microstrip (7) connected to a second coaxial line (6) is embeddedin the dielectric substrate under the second radiation patches (4). Equal numbers of first slits (21) and second slits (22) are etched on the metal ground (2).

The invention discloses a low-RCS metasurface antenna array based on a coding idea and a design method thereof. The antenna array comprises a first dynamic scattering metal patch layer, a first dielectric layer, a metal backboard layer, a second dielectric layer, a bottom metal feed network layer, a plurality of coaxial metal feed columns, and a plurality of switching diodes. The metal layers and the dielectric layers are sequentially and seamlessly laminated and pressed together; the plurality of coaxial metal feed columns respectively penetrate through the first dynamic scattering metal patch layer, the first dielectric layer, the metal backboard layer, the second dielectric layer and the bottom feed network layer from top to bottom; the metal backboard layer is provided with a plurality of corresponding holes which are used for being isolated from the metal feed columns. According to the invention, the scattering phase of the dynamic scattering metal layer is further changed by changing the on-off state of a switching diode, and the overall scattered field coherent offset of the antenna is realized to achieve the stealth effect while the radiation performance of the antenna is not affected.

Provided is a liquid crystal display element that has a high liquid crystal vertical alignment property, high adhesion between a liquid crystal layer and a liquid crystal vertical alignment film, and favorable optical characteristics, in particular favorable transparency when voltage is not applied and favorable scattering when voltage is applied. Also provided are a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent for use in said element. The liquid crystal display element comprises a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and a liquid crystal composition disposed between the pair of substrates, the liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by active energy rays and/or heat. Furthermore, at least one of the substrates has a liquid crystal alignment film that has a specific structure and vertically aligns liquid crystals. The liquid crystal display element is obtained by hardening the liquid crystal composition to form a hardened composite of liquid crystals and of the polymerizable compound while all or part of the liquid crystal composition exhibits liquid crystal properties.

Provided is a liquid crystal display element having high vertical alignment in a liquid crystal, excellent transparency when no voltage is applied and scattering characteristics when a voltage is applied, and strong adhesion between a liquid crystal layer and a vertical liquid crystal alignment film. The liquid crystal display element is obtained by placing a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with an electrode, disposing a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound polymerized by active energy rays and/or heat between the pair of substrates, providing at least one of the substrates with a liquid crystal alignment film such that the liquid crystal is aligned vertically, curing the liquid crystal composition while all or part of the liquid crystal composition exhibits liquid crystal properties, and forming a cured product composite of the liquid crystal and the polymerizable compound, wherein the liquid crystal display element is characterized in that the liquid crystal alignment film is obtained from a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing at least one type of polymer selected from the group consisting of polyimides and polyimide precursors represented by formula [1-1] or [1-2], and also containing a solvent having a boiling point of less than 180oC, the solvent being contained in an amount constituting at least 50 mass% of the complete solvent. In formula [1-1], Y1, Y2, and Y3 are single bonds, etc.; Y4 and Y5 are benzene rings, etc.; Y6 is a C1-18 alkyl group, etc.; and n is an integer from 0 to 4. In formula [1-2], Y7 is a single bond, etc.; and Y8 is a C8-22 alkyl group.

In a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device provided with a liquid crystal panel DP and a backlight BL, black spacers and transparent spacers are mixed and provided in a space between two opposing transparent substrates 4a and 4b, and let r be a radius of the spacers and S be a dimension of a light transmissive region T in a single pixel, then a value of πr²/S is set in a range from 0.001 to 0.01. A stable display is thus enabled by eliminating display irregularities.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved by using a compound represented by formula [1a] in a liquid crystal composition for a liquid crystal display element. The definitions of symbols in theformula are as described in the specification.

Provided is a liquid crystal display element which has high liquid crystal vertical alignment properties, good optical characteristics, and high adhesion between a liquid crystal layer and a liquid crystal alignment film, and the liquid crystal display element can maintain the characteristics thereof for a long period of time even in an environment where the element is exposed to high temperaturesand high humidities or exposed to light. The liquid crystal display element is provided with a liquid crystal alignment film that has a liquid crystal layer obtained by ultraviolet irradiation of a liquid crystal composition which contains a polymerizable compound and liquid crystals and which is disposed between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, the liquid crystal alignment film being configured so that at least one of the substrates is aligned perpendicularly to the liquid crystals. The liquid crystal alignment film is obtained from a liquid crystal alignment agent that contains component (A) and component (B). Component (A): At least one compound selected from among the group consisting of a compound represented by formula [1-1] and a compound represented by formula [1-2].Component (B): A polymer having at least one structure selected from among the group consisting of formula [2-1] and formula [2-2].

Disclosed herein is a method for manufacturing a front scattering film that provides uniform scattering characteristics for lights emitted from light sources having different wavelengths. The front scattering film is used for backlight units, includes an optically transparent binder having a plurality of spherical dielectric particles dispersed therein, receives lights from at least two light sources having different wavelengths, and reflects white light. The method includes the steps of determining the optically transparent binder, the refractive index of the spherical dielectric particles, and the sizes and concentrations of the spherical dielectric particles in the optically transparent binder. The determination steps are carried out by comparing scattering characteristics, which are calculated using a numerical analysis method based on Mie theory. The scattering characteristics in the frontward direction are significantly greater than the scattering characteristics in the backward direction. Thus, a front scattering film can be provided which can reflect uniform white light effectively corresponding to a backlight unit system including a plurality of light sources having different wavelengths.

To provide a liquid crystal display device, in which the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal is high, favorable transparency when no voltage is applied and favorable scattering property when a voltage is applied are achieved, and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high.

A liquid crystal display device, which comprises a liquid crystal layer formed by disposing a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound which undergoes a polymerization reaction by ultraviolet rays, between a pair of substrates provided with an electrode, and irradiating the liquid crystal composition with ultraviolet rays and curing it in such a state that the liquid crystal composition partly or entirely shows liquid crystallinity, and at least one of the substrates being provided with a liquid crystal alignment film to vertically align a liquid crystal, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer having a first side chain structure and a second side chain structure.

Provided are: a liquid crystal display element that shows high adhesion between a liquid crystal layer and a vertical liquid crystal alignment film and excellent vertical alignment properties of a liquid crystal and has good optical characteristics such as transparency in the no voltage-applied state and scattering properties in the voltage-applied state; a vertical liquid crystal alignment film to be used in the liquid crystal display element; and a liquid crystal aligning agent therefor. The liquid crystal display element is provided with the liquid crystal alignment film that is obtained using the liquid crystal aligning agent containing component (A) and component (B). Component (A): a polymer containing at least one structure selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic ring, an aromatic ring and a linear alkyl group and having a side chain that is capable of vertically aligning a liquid crystal. Component (B): at least one generator selected from the group consisting of a photo radical generator, a photo acid generator and a photo base generator.

To provide a liquid crystal display device having excellent liquid crystal vertical alignment properties, good transparency when a voltage is applied and good scattering properties when no voltage is applied, and good adhesion with the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer formed by irradiating and curing with ultraviolet rays a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound disposed between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and at least one of the substrates is provided with a liquid crystal alignment film to vertically align a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal composition contains a compound represented by the formula [1], and the liquid crystal alignment film is obtained from a liquid crystal alignment treating agent containing a polymer having a side chain structure represented by the following formula [2-1] or formula [2-2], and a side chain structure represented by the following formula [3]:

X¹—X²—X³—X⁴—X⁵—X⁶x⁷_pX⁸   [1]

(X¹: the formula [1-a] to formula [1-g], etc., X², X³, X⁴ and X⁶: a single bond, etc., X⁵ and X⁷: a benzene ring, etc., X⁸: a C_1-18 alkyl group, etc.),

(X^A: H, etc., X^B: a benzene ring, etc., X^C: a C_1-18 alkyl group, etc.),

—Y¹—Y²—Y³—Y⁴Y⁵_nY^t   [2-1]

(Y¹, Y² and Y³: a single bond, etc., Y⁴ and Y⁵: a benzene ring, etc., Y⁶: a C_1-18 alkyl group, etc.,

—Y⁷—Y⁸   [2-2]

(Y⁷: a single bond, Y⁸: a C_8-22 alkyl group, etc.).

A liquid crystal display element obtained by disposing a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by an active energy ray or heat between two substrates provided with an electrode, providing a liquid crystal alignment film to at least one of the substrates, performing curing in a state in which all or some of the liquid crystal composition is exhibiting liquid crystallinity, and forming a cured product composite of the liquid crystal and the polymerizable compound, the liquid crystal alignment film being formed of a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent containing the following component (A) and component (B). Component (A): a cellulose-based polymer having a specific structure. Component (B): a polysiloxane-based polymer having a specific structure.

The invention discloses a microstrip array antenna with reduced in-band radar scattering cross section. The antenna comprises an upper dielectric substrate, a middle dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate, and the lower dielectric substrate comprises a radiation patch unit printed on the upper surface and a metal floor printed on the lower surface; phase regulation and control units are printed on the upper surfaces of the middle-layer dielectric substrate and the upper-layer dielectric substrate; the radiation patch units which are arranged periodically are connected through the feed network, and the feed network is connected with the metal floor through a coaxial line; the symmetrically distributed phase regulation and control units with different sizes are arranged according to a chessboard, correspond to the symmetrically distributed radiation patch units and generate reflection waves with the same reflection electric field amplitude and the phase difference of 180 degrees, so that the scattering characteristic of the antenna is realized. The antenna provided by the invention has a good radiation characteristic, and meanwhile, the in-band radar cross section is reduced to a great extent, namely, the scattering characteristic is improved. And the reduction of the in-band radar scattering cross section of the microstrip array antenna can be realized while the good radiation characteristic can be ensured.

To provide a liquid crystal display device having a high level of liquid crystal vertical alignment, good optical properties, high adhesion between a liquid crystal layer and a liquid crystal alignment film, and being capable of maintaining these characteristics even in high temperature-high humidity or light-illuminated environment. This liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer made of a cured product formed by irradiating a liquid crystal composition disposed between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes with ultraviolet light from an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus and at least one of the substrates being provided with a liquid crystal alignment film to vertically align liquid crystal, wherein the liquid crystal composition comprises a curable resin, a bifunctional monomer, a compound of the following formula [1-1a], a compound of the following formula [2-1a] and a monomer having at least one polar group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group and a phosphoric acid group, and the liquid crystal alignment film is obtainable from a liquid crystal alignment treating agent containing a polymer having a side chain structure of the following formula [4-1 a] or formula [4-2a],

—X⁷—X⁸  [4-2a]

• wherein X⁷ is a single bond, etc., and X⁸ is a C_8-18 alkyl group, etc.