The invention discloses a traffic accident alarm system based on a road guardrail, which comprises the road guardrail, a communication circuit, a fault collecting terminal and a remote alarm platform, wherein the fault collecting terminal is reliably connected with the road guardrail, is connected with the remote alarm platform through the communication circuit, and comprises a data processing module, a sensor module, a driving module and a communication module, and the driving module is respectively and electrically connected with the data processing module, the sensor module and the communication module; the remote alarm platform consists of a data processing module, a driving module, a communication module, an I/O (input/output) module, a buzzer, a keyboard and a display module, the driving module is respectively and electrically connected with the data processing module, the communicant module and the I/O module, and the I/O module is further electrically connected with the buzzer, the keyboard and the display module. According to the invention, the damage condition of the guardrail can be accurately positioned, so that the maintenance and repair efficiency of a road can be improved, and the traffic accidents can be indirectly positioned to a certain degree.