The invention discloses a method for measuring a volume of a rock-fill dam test pit through handheld three-dimensional laser scanning. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, leveling a dam charge level, placing a lantern ring, and excavating the test pit; then, according to the diameter and depth of the test pit and the stacking and filling material, determining the dot spacing, the laser color and the scanning mode; using a handheld color three-dimensional scanner to extend into the test pit, scanning according to the curvature of the pit wall from small to large, processing obtained point cloud: denoising, simplifying, packaging and filling, and then selecting a circle of annular area on the top of the test pit model for optimal plane fitting; finally, taking the fitting plane as an xoy plane, and enabling the z-axis direction to face downwards; and projecting the whole test pit model to the xoy plane, enabling the projection area to be an integral interval S, calculating the volumes of the small prisms of the test pit model, and adding to obtain the volume of the whole test pit. The method is flexible and simple to operate, and can quickly scan various types of test pits, obtain high-quality point cloud data, efficiently and quickly process the data and accurately calculate the volume of the test pit.