The invention discloses an 
automatic guidance system based on 
radio frequency identification labels and vision, and the method of the 
automatic guidance system. The invention is characterized in adopting a four-wheel structure, wherein two front wheels are used for steering and two rear wheels are used for driving; a 
direct current motor is used as the travelling and driving device, which is driven to steer by a stepping motor; the invention is provided with a wheel 
steering angle positioning device, so the invention has relatively high dynamic 
response ability; a black and white parallel guide belt is adopted as a guide path, with the 
radio frequency identification labels discontinuously laid below, and red work 
station characters arranged at both sides; CCD collects 
road surface information, and the brightness of 
light source adaptive controls according to image gray information; characters are extracted by utilizing color differences; straight lines are rapidly HOUGH transformed and identified; a 
control signal is sent to AGV controller after processed by an industrial control computer, and the 
direct current motor and the stepping motor are controlled. In order to effectively realize the communication dispatch between AGVS in real time, 
radio frequency identification labels are adopted for positioning, and a 
wireless transceiver module is adopted for communication between AGVS and a host. The invention has the advantages of good environmental adaptability and navigation precision, and lower cost.