The invention discloses application of trichoderma pseudokoningii exopolysaccharide in preventing and treating colon cancer and application of a chemotherapeutic drug combined with the trichoderma pseudokoningii exopolysaccharide in treating the colon cancer. The trichoderma pseudokoningii exopolysaccharide (EPS) can significantly inhibit the growth of tumor masses in a mouse with the colon cancer, and can improve mouse immune organ index and the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in mouse serum, increase the proportion of mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+T cells) in total T lymphocyte calculation and significantly activate mouse T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes; therefore, the EPS has an effect on treating the colon cancer; and the EPS, when taken for a preventive purpose, can also effectively improve the antitumor capacity of a body. In addition, the EPS, when combined with an existing chemotherapeutic drug, namely 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is significantly better than the single medication of the 5-FU in antitumor effect. Moreover, the EPS can improve the life quality of the mouse with the colon cancer and can prolong the service life of the mouse.