The invention discloses a helicopter airborne system for controlling and recognizing a power transmission line. The helicopter airborne system for controlling and recognizing the power transmission line comprises a control computer, an image storage compression module, a camera shooting image display, an optoelectronic detector, a video transmission communication module, a control computer based on virtual instrument control interface control and recognition, a digital display, a light-emitting diode (LED) display lamp, a voice alarm, an integrated control keyboard, an infrared collecting amplification module, an infrared thermometer, a charge coupled device (CCD) camera, an infrared camera, a visible light and ultraviolet imager, an infrared thermal television, an operating platform system and a three-dimensional navigation system. An infrared thermal imager and other diagnostic technologies are utilized to detect abnormal infrared radiation and temperature caused by equipment failure under the condition of a long distance, no power outage, no contact, no sampling and no disassembly during a running state of a power transformation device, and the advanced system is provided for power transmission line device state recognition and monitoring.