The storage box with the telescopic adjusting structure comprises a bottom plate, an outer baffle, a plurality of partition plates and a telescopic piece, the telescopic piece comprises a telescopic seat, a telescopic plate and a connecting seat, one end of the telescopic seat is connected with the inner side wall of the storage chamber, the other end of the telescopic seat is provided with a telescopic groove, one end of the connecting seat is connected with the inner side wall of the storage chamber, and the other end of the connecting seat is provided with a telescopic groove. The end part of the telescopic plate is inserted into the telescopic groove in a sliding manner; the storage box is provided with the telescopic groove, the telescopic plate and the connecting base, the end of the telescopic plate is inserted into the telescopic groove in a sliding mode, the length of the telescopic piece is adjusted, the partition plate is connected to the telescopic plate in a matched mode, chambers of different specifications and sizes are separated to contain different kinds of objects, adjustability is high, the overall structure is practical and reliable, and practicability is high. And the device can be suitable for different storage boxes and drawers, and is high in adaptability.