The invention discloses a detection system for microscopic examination of a microscope integrated with a dyeing function. The detection system comprises a display rack, an objective table, an eyepiece and camera group, an objective lens group, a dye liquor reagent sample introduction tube, a test sample introduction tube, an eluent sample introduction tube, a sample discharge tube, an undyed counting chamber, a dyed counting chamber and a glass slide. The objective lens group is mounted on the rack, the eyepiece and camera group is mounted right above the objective lens group, the objective table is mounted right below the objective lens group, and the undyed counting chamber, the dyed counting chamber, the glass slide, the dye liquor reagent sample introduction tube, the test sample introduction tube, the eluent sample introduction tube and the sample discharge tube are arranged above the objective table. The dye liquor reagent sample introduction tube, the test sample introduction tube and the eluent sample introduction tube are mounted at the left end of the objective table, and the sample discharge tube is mounted at the right end of the objective table. According to the invention, integration and full automation of dyeing and microscopic examination in clinical examination work are realized, the working accuracy and working efficiency are improved, and the dyeing quality and the examination effect are ensured.