The invention discloses a transport equation response matrix block diagonalization method based on a symmetric group theory. The method comprises the steps that 1, a whole reactor core solving region is divided according to regular geometry to obtain regular blocks, a
universal function is established for a
neutron transport equation based on a block variation method, and a
weak solution form of the transport equation is constructed; a spherical
harmonic function and an orthogonal polynomial are adopted to perform discrete
processing on
neutron angular flux density, and the spherical
harmonic function and the spatial orthogonal polynomial jointly form a primary function of flux; 2, all symmetric groups of the blocks subjected to symmetric transformation are determined according to geometrical shapes of the blocks, and projection operators of the symmetric groups are utilized to project the primary function so as to construct an irreducible symmetric primary function; and 3, the irreducible symmetric primary function is used to substitute the spherical
harmonic function and the spatial orthogonal polynomial in the step 1, a new primary function is adopted to perform discrete
processing on variables, and a new response matrix is a matrix of
diagonal blocks. By the adoption of the method, the
floating point operation amount of the matrix is greatly lowered, and a calculation memory needed for storing the response matrix is greatly reduced.