The invention discloses an improved support vector machine-LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) combined sorting method for steel materials. The method comprises the steps of detecting a series of rolled steel samples with known marks with an LIBS system to obtain data matrixes of the rolled steel with different marks, and utilizing a support vector machine to establish a sorting model on the known category data, wherein in the modeling process, an improved modeling method, namely combined modeling is used; after data of the sample to be measured is input to the model, performing fuzzy classification with a one-to-many method, screening candidate categories, and performing sophisticated classification by a one-to-one method, and finally determining the category of the data to be measured. According to the method, the one-to-many and one-to-one modeling methods are combined for use, and advantages of the methods are fully utilized, so the data to be measured can be subjected to two layers of analyzing systems of the fuzzy classification and the sophisticated classification, the influence of useless category information on a prediction process is reduced, the prediction accurate rate can be obviously improved and the calculating cost is reduced.