The invention provides a document security level division method based on a decision tree, which comprises the following specific steps: step 1, traversing all conditions in a sample set, calculating Gini indexes of the sample set under different conditions, and selecting a condition corresponding to a minimum value as a first segmentation point, so as to divide a leaf node and remaining child nodes; step 2, continuing to calculate the Gini index of the new sample set for the remaining conditions for the child nodes, performing further subdivision, selecting a value with the minimum Gini index as a second segmentation point, and continuing to screen out leaf nodes and the child nodes; step 3, repeating the process until division of all conditions is realized, and realizing establishment of a decision tree; and step 4, re-capturing the sample for determination, and verifying the new sample according to the decision tree established by the training set to realize determination of the document security level. According to the method, automatic judgment of the document security level is realized, the workload of judgment personnel is greatly reduced, the judgment accuracy is improved, and a powerful guarantee is provided for a company to reduce the document leakage risk.