The invention relates to a modular satellite electric propulsion device with adjustable discharge pulses, and belongs to the field of electric propulsion of micro-nano satellites. By combination withrapid on-off of a controllable switch and on the basis of incapacity of abrupt changes of inductive current, inductive energy storage and voltage boosting are realized, discharge between an anode anda cathode of a thrustor is realized, plasma is ionized and ejected to produce thrust, and the duty ratio of output PWM (pulse width modulation) rectangular waves and the frequency adjustment thrust are adjusted by a pulse control circuit. The modular satellite electric propulsion device has a small size, and a feed mechanism is simple; on the basis of a mode of the inductive energy storage, 3-27 Vof low voltage can be boosted to plasma breakdown voltage of hundreds to thousands volts instantaneously, and the voltage demand of satellite power supply and distribution is reduced; the cost is effectively reduced; with the adoption of modular design, functions can be freely combined according to the demands, an interface is compatible, and different series of thrustors can be formed by combination with power supply units with different discharge powers and frequencies; and the digital adjustable pulse control circuit is easy to debug, and accurate control over the thrust can be realized.